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train : improved training-from-scratch example (#1652) * add python wrapper https://gist.github.com/abetlen/2b90e5f153f6efd00931d098de5c73ce * fix decoding error. adds errors=ignore parameter * add python bindings for functions to get and set the whole llama state (rng, logits, embedding and kv_cache) * update python bindings * add text generating baby-llama from scratch example * fix race condition bug in ggml_compute_forward_diag_mask_f32 * implement ggml_soft_max_back for more performant backward pass of soft_max avoids creating big intermediate matrices of size n_embd x n_embd for llama layers and n_vocab x n_vocab for cross entropy loss * improve softmax backward pass go from quadratic runtime to linear runtime by simplifying the formulas * fix race condition bug in non-inplace ggml_compute_forward_diag_mask_f32 memcpy needs to be synchronized across threads to avoid race conditions. => do it in INIT phase * fix bug in ggml_compute_forward_soft_max_back_f32 on DEBUG build * improve performance of mul_mat backward pass avoid transpose by using mul_mat with swapped arguments * avoid printing too much newlines in baby-llama-text * activate threading in baby-llama-text * add ggml_out_prod and use it for mul_mat backward pass for improved performance performance stats report improvement from 37 seconds to 16 seconds runtime during my training tests * better weight initialization improves training convergence at start * better weight initialization improves training convergence at start * improve ggml_out_prod performance - change iteration order (>15s -> 10s runtime) - parallelize over one more dimension: over dst matrix rows (10s -> <5s runtime) * add llama sampler, shuffle samples and constrain sampling to tokens occurring in train data * fix get_samples call, add model tensor names, increase model size, start training samples after newline * save train trained model to checkpoint and load model to be trained from checkpoint * use inplace functions where possible * initialize rng with srand * use different arguments for input and output checkpoint * ggml fixes to support backward pass on inplace operations * remove duplicate include * fix cross entropy loss - add target probabilities for each sample which is then used in cross entropy loss * print used memory before and after optimization * sample with non-greedy sampling parameters at the end of training * add cmake target for baby-llama-text * add ggml_add1_inplace to header * enable gradient propagation for inplace add1 and scale operations those functions backward passes don't need the original src0, so they also work when forward is inplace * implement AdamW in ggml_opt_adam by adding weight decay parameter (default 0.001f) also add a schedule parameter (default 1.0f) that can be used to scale alpha and decay according to learning schedule. setting the decay parameter to zero disables AdamW resulting in normal Adam optimizer. since the difference between Adam and AdamW is minimal it is not implemented as another optimizer, but integrated into the existing Adam optimizer. * use inplace operations in cross_entropy_loss * fix random weight initialization scale * add missing default parameters for adam optimizer * add ggml_opt_context, so that we can properly resume training otherwise the optimizer states, tracking statistics about the error function and its derivates, will reset to zero each time ggml_opt is called, hindering convergence on resumed training. now the optimizer context and all its memory is stored in a separate struct. * fix bug in llama_sample_token_mirostat_v2 when all candidates are filtered out through mu threshold, the following soft_max operation will fail. so keep at least one. * add forward function without using cache, for more performant training during training on whole samples no cache is required. removing the cache and simplifying the remaining code results in performance and memory usage improvement. * print suppressed newline tokens as string "\n" printing too much actual newlines is suppressed to avoid flooding the console. * store optimizer state in training checkpoint and add learning schedule persistent optimizer state allows to resume training without resetting the optimizer learning schedule consists of linear warmup ramp followed by cosine decay with restarts * remove unused functions * fix bug in get_samples which corrupted training targets * save checkpoint only when it was trained * simplify code * remove trailing whitespace * simplify backward pass for SQRT * replace inefficient repeat backward pass with dedicated repeat_back operation * add ggml_cross_entropy_loss with backward pass for faster training cross entropy loss can also be implemented using softmax and log, but as dedicated operation it is faster and especially avoids unnecessary memory overhead. * add tests for cross_entropy_loss backward pass finite differences regularly results in estimated gradient of zero, despite the backward pass giving non zero gradient. _probably_ the finite differences fails due to numerical issues * use ggml_cross_entropy_loss in text training example * remove trailing whitespace * slightly improve how cross entropy loss is compute btw: directly implemented cross entropy loss seems to have way lower magnitudes than when implemented with softmax and log. probably the input to log gets closer to zero due to float numerics. maybe the multiplication by (1.0-eps)/sum is more accurate.. * add llama_get_vocab to get the vocabulary as output parameters * set default model.type for unknown models with few layers * add export of training checkpoint to llama compatible model file * get vocabulary for exporting training checkpoint to llama compatible model file * implement backward pass of flash attention * bugfixes for backward pass of flash attention * test flash attention backward pass need to set loose error bounds to pass. the finitie differences are close to numeric limits and often return quite different values than the backward pass. reducing eps further lets the gradients vanish completely. likewise setting eps to big results in wronger values. the softmax in the middle of the function is probably the most responsible for the numeric issues using finite differences. * add option to train with flash attention and move options to the top of the main function training from scratch also works with flash attention training convergence and generation results after fix number of iterations are worse than when not using flash attention. maybe there still lingers a bug in the flash attention backward pass? but training works, just with slower convergence. flash attention is still worth to use, because it requires way less memory and is faster with high n_ctx * add train_params and command line option parser * remove unnecessary comments * add train params to specify memory size * remove python bindings * rename baby-llama-text to train-text-from-scratch * replace auto parameters in lambda function * add #include <climits> * add explicit cast to fix compile error "error: non-constant-expression cannot be narrowed from type 'int64_t' (aka 'long long') to 'uint32_t' (aka 'unsigned int') in initializer list [-Wc++11-narrowing]" * remove trailing whitespace * add ggml_opt_resume_g which accepts forward and backward cgraphs * fix formulas in comments * bug fix for ggml_compute_forward_get_rows_back_f32 the result should be set to zero, not to whatever data is in opt0 * improve training memory usage with scratch buffers instead of relying on the automatic backward pass, we manually create the graph for the backward pass. it turns out that all backward pass operations need only temporary memory which can be reused after each layer. will compute backward pass for ALL model parameters * add option to use scratch buffers in training or not make it configurable because currently training with scratch buffers implies flash attention and optimization over all parameters. * ci : disable temporary * store view offset and permute axes in opt[0] instead of storing it in padding use memcpy to store offset, because offset is of type size_t. when storing it as int32_t offset would have to be smaller than 2^31 which is not necessarily true. * minor : fix compile warnings + minor style changes * fix bug in threaded indices calculation of ggml_compute_forward_flash_attn_back_f32 * store view offset like in master branch * bug fix in forward_batch_wo_cache_flash_attn_train * scratch buffer bug fixes in forward_batch_wo_cache_flash_attn_train data of permute and reshape is the same as their input. if we want to preserve the output of permute/reshape, we also need to preserve their inputs. replace reshape(src0, src1) with reshape_nd calls so that we don't need src1. replace (temporary) t03 with ggml_repeat(ctx0, layer.attention_norm, t02). in the future we could also use the new broadcasting ggml_mul to avoid these repeat calls. for this we need backward pass of broadcasting ggml_mul. * remove unnecessary scratch buffer 0 buf 0 is persistent memory, so we can just disable scratch for this by using buf -1 * avoid creating unnecessary grad tensors previously we need to create grads for model parameters, so that expand(..) correctly populates cgraph->leafs & cgraph->grads this wasted memory, because unnecessary grad for each op were automatically created: the automatically generated grad was unnecessary because we later manually set the grad (e.g. t35->grad = expand(gb, ...) ). this discarded the automatically generated grad resulting in wasted memory. improved this by changing expand(..) to not use ggml_build_forward_expand. expand set cgraph->nodes but not the leafs. cgraph->leafs & cgraph->grads are set in another pass after the last expand call. * print used training seed * zero initialize gfbuf and gbbuf * ci : re-enable workflows + add README for training --------- Co-authored-by: Georgi Gerganov <ggerganov@gmail.com>
2023-06-13 19:04:40 +00:00
# train-text-from-scratch
Basic usage instructions:
```bash
# get training data
train : get raw text instead of page with html (#1905) We probably want to train using just the text of Shakespeare instead of the html of the page displaying his work.
2023-06-17 06:51:54 +00:00
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/brunoklein99/deep-learning-notes/master/shakespeare.txt
train : improved training-from-scratch example (#1652) * add python wrapper https://gist.github.com/abetlen/2b90e5f153f6efd00931d098de5c73ce * fix decoding error. adds errors=ignore parameter * add python bindings for functions to get and set the whole llama state (rng, logits, embedding and kv_cache) * update python bindings * add text generating baby-llama from scratch example * fix race condition bug in ggml_compute_forward_diag_mask_f32 * implement ggml_soft_max_back for more performant backward pass of soft_max avoids creating big intermediate matrices of size n_embd x n_embd for llama layers and n_vocab x n_vocab for cross entropy loss * improve softmax backward pass go from quadratic runtime to linear runtime by simplifying the formulas * fix race condition bug in non-inplace ggml_compute_forward_diag_mask_f32 memcpy needs to be synchronized across threads to avoid race conditions. => do it in INIT phase * fix bug in ggml_compute_forward_soft_max_back_f32 on DEBUG build * improve performance of mul_mat backward pass avoid transpose by using mul_mat with swapped arguments * avoid printing too much newlines in baby-llama-text * activate threading in baby-llama-text * add ggml_out_prod and use it for mul_mat backward pass for improved performance performance stats report improvement from 37 seconds to 16 seconds runtime during my training tests * better weight initialization improves training convergence at start * better weight initialization improves training convergence at start * improve ggml_out_prod performance - change iteration order (>15s -> 10s runtime) - parallelize over one more dimension: over dst matrix rows (10s -> <5s runtime) * add llama sampler, shuffle samples and constrain sampling to tokens occurring in train data * fix get_samples call, add model tensor names, increase model size, start training samples after newline * save train trained model to checkpoint and load model to be trained from checkpoint * use inplace functions where possible * initialize rng with srand * use different arguments for input and output checkpoint * ggml fixes to support backward pass on inplace operations * remove duplicate include * fix cross entropy loss - add target probabilities for each sample which is then used in cross entropy loss * print used memory before and after optimization * sample with non-greedy sampling parameters at the end of training * add cmake target for baby-llama-text * add ggml_add1_inplace to header * enable gradient propagation for inplace add1 and scale operations those functions backward passes don't need the original src0, so they also work when forward is inplace * implement AdamW in ggml_opt_adam by adding weight decay parameter (default 0.001f) also add a schedule parameter (default 1.0f) that can be used to scale alpha and decay according to learning schedule. setting the decay parameter to zero disables AdamW resulting in normal Adam optimizer. since the difference between Adam and AdamW is minimal it is not implemented as another optimizer, but integrated into the existing Adam optimizer. * use inplace operations in cross_entropy_loss * fix random weight initialization scale * add missing default parameters for adam optimizer * add ggml_opt_context, so that we can properly resume training otherwise the optimizer states, tracking statistics about the error function and its derivates, will reset to zero each time ggml_opt is called, hindering convergence on resumed training. now the optimizer context and all its memory is stored in a separate struct. * fix bug in llama_sample_token_mirostat_v2 when all candidates are filtered out through mu threshold, the following soft_max operation will fail. so keep at least one. * add forward function without using cache, for more performant training during training on whole samples no cache is required. removing the cache and simplifying the remaining code results in performance and memory usage improvement. * print suppressed newline tokens as string "\n" printing too much actual newlines is suppressed to avoid flooding the console. * store optimizer state in training checkpoint and add learning schedule persistent optimizer state allows to resume training without resetting the optimizer learning schedule consists of linear warmup ramp followed by cosine decay with restarts * remove unused functions * fix bug in get_samples which corrupted training targets * save checkpoint only when it was trained * simplify code * remove trailing whitespace * simplify backward pass for SQRT * replace inefficient repeat backward pass with dedicated repeat_back operation * add ggml_cross_entropy_loss with backward pass for faster training cross entropy loss can also be implemented using softmax and log, but as dedicated operation it is faster and especially avoids unnecessary memory overhead. * add tests for cross_entropy_loss backward pass finite differences regularly results in estimated gradient of zero, despite the backward pass giving non zero gradient. _probably_ the finite differences fails due to numerical issues * use ggml_cross_entropy_loss in text training example * remove trailing whitespace * slightly improve how cross entropy loss is compute btw: directly implemented cross entropy loss seems to have way lower magnitudes than when implemented with softmax and log. probably the input to log gets closer to zero due to float numerics. maybe the multiplication by (1.0-eps)/sum is more accurate.. * add llama_get_vocab to get the vocabulary as output parameters * set default model.type for unknown models with few layers * add export of training checkpoint to llama compatible model file * get vocabulary for exporting training checkpoint to llama compatible model file * implement backward pass of flash attention * bugfixes for backward pass of flash attention * test flash attention backward pass need to set loose error bounds to pass. the finitie differences are close to numeric limits and often return quite different values than the backward pass. reducing eps further lets the gradients vanish completely. likewise setting eps to big results in wronger values. the softmax in the middle of the function is probably the most responsible for the numeric issues using finite differences. * add option to train with flash attention and move options to the top of the main function training from scratch also works with flash attention training convergence and generation results after fix number of iterations are worse than when not using flash attention. maybe there still lingers a bug in the flash attention backward pass? but training works, just with slower convergence. flash attention is still worth to use, because it requires way less memory and is faster with high n_ctx * add train_params and command line option parser * remove unnecessary comments * add train params to specify memory size * remove python bindings * rename baby-llama-text to train-text-from-scratch * replace auto parameters in lambda function * add #include <climits> * add explicit cast to fix compile error "error: non-constant-expression cannot be narrowed from type 'int64_t' (aka 'long long') to 'uint32_t' (aka 'unsigned int') in initializer list [-Wc++11-narrowing]" * remove trailing whitespace * add ggml_opt_resume_g which accepts forward and backward cgraphs * fix formulas in comments * bug fix for ggml_compute_forward_get_rows_back_f32 the result should be set to zero, not to whatever data is in opt0 * improve training memory usage with scratch buffers instead of relying on the automatic backward pass, we manually create the graph for the backward pass. it turns out that all backward pass operations need only temporary memory which can be reused after each layer. will compute backward pass for ALL model parameters * add option to use scratch buffers in training or not make it configurable because currently training with scratch buffers implies flash attention and optimization over all parameters. * ci : disable temporary * store view offset and permute axes in opt[0] instead of storing it in padding use memcpy to store offset, because offset is of type size_t. when storing it as int32_t offset would have to be smaller than 2^31 which is not necessarily true. * minor : fix compile warnings + minor style changes * fix bug in threaded indices calculation of ggml_compute_forward_flash_attn_back_f32 * store view offset like in master branch * bug fix in forward_batch_wo_cache_flash_attn_train * scratch buffer bug fixes in forward_batch_wo_cache_flash_attn_train data of permute and reshape is the same as their input. if we want to preserve the output of permute/reshape, we also need to preserve their inputs. replace reshape(src0, src1) with reshape_nd calls so that we don't need src1. replace (temporary) t03 with ggml_repeat(ctx0, layer.attention_norm, t02). in the future we could also use the new broadcasting ggml_mul to avoid these repeat calls. for this we need backward pass of broadcasting ggml_mul. * remove unnecessary scratch buffer 0 buf 0 is persistent memory, so we can just disable scratch for this by using buf -1 * avoid creating unnecessary grad tensors previously we need to create grads for model parameters, so that expand(..) correctly populates cgraph->leafs & cgraph->grads this wasted memory, because unnecessary grad for each op were automatically created: the automatically generated grad was unnecessary because we later manually set the grad (e.g. t35->grad = expand(gb, ...) ). this discarded the automatically generated grad resulting in wasted memory. improved this by changing expand(..) to not use ggml_build_forward_expand. expand set cgraph->nodes but not the leafs. cgraph->leafs & cgraph->grads are set in another pass after the last expand call. * print used training seed * zero initialize gfbuf and gbbuf * ci : re-enable workflows + add README for training --------- Co-authored-by: Georgi Gerganov <ggerganov@gmail.com>
2023-06-13 19:04:40 +00:00
# train
Prefix all example bins w/ llama-
2024-06-08 12:42:01 +00:00
./bin/llama-train-text-from-scratch \
train : mem usage and other improvements (#2439) * fix track_max_mem in forward_batch_wo_cache_flash_attn_train * remove unnecessary Adam(W) optimizer tensors. reduces optimizer memory overhead from 7*modelsize to 2*modelsize. additionally allows to optimize models with more than 2^31 parameters by replacing int with int64_t. bumps training checkpoint file version, but old checkpoints can still be read. new version with less tensors is saved. * add gradient clipping to AdamW * Fix reset of unused g->nodes and g->grads to NULL * implement gradient checkpointing for training reduces memory overhead from O(n_layer) to O(sqrt(n_layer)) as explained in readme of https://github.com/cybertronai/gradient-checkpointing * remove unused compute buffer 3 * add and use function ggml_build_backward_expand to avoid stack overflows with large maximum number of nodes GGML_API void ggml_build_backward_expand(struct ggml_context * ctx, struct ggml_cgraph * gf, struct ggml_cgraph * gb, bool keep); * change AdamW decay parameter to work like the torch AdamW decay parameter It is now relative to Adam learning rate `alpha*sched`. Before that it was relative to `sched` only. `alpha` being the maximum learning rate and `sched` being a scaling parameter in [0..1] * change default AdamW weight decay parameter used in training to 0.1 as used in nanoGPT * change default AdamW weight decay parameter defined in ggml to 0.0, making Adam default instead of AdamW btw: the default weight decay parameter for torch.optim.AdamW is 0.01 * bug fixes for cross entropy loss ggml_cross_entropy_loss: sums where not correctly added in workload of each thread ggml_cross_entropy_loss_back: simplify backward process, reducing numerical issues guard usage of exp f16 lookup in cross entropy by #define GGML_CROSS_ENTROPY_EXP_FP16 cross entropy loss is only used once during training, but it is quite sensitive to numerical errors introduced by exp-f16-lookup. so exp-f16-lookup for cross entropy loss is disabled by default, trading better gradients for very slightly worse runtime performance. * fix test-grad0 for cross_entropy_loss the second argument to cross_entropy_loss must sum up to 1 for each row * fix test-grad0 for soft_max dont use only sum as aggregation, because sum of softmax is always 1 -> finite differences should not work instead use sum(log(soft_max()*(1-eps)+eps)); use eps to avoid log(0) * improve finite differences of test-grad0 by using double instead of float * change cross_entropy_loss to output average over all rows this helps keeping the loss and gradients in a sane range * improve gradient checkpointing sqrt(n_layers) is only the best checkpoint step when mem size of checkpoints and mem size of layers are equal. since layers require more memory than the single-tensor-checkpoint we use, the optimal values are compute different: ``` given: n, u, v objective: minimize(a*u+b*v) where a*b=n, a>0, b>0 b=n/a minimize(a*u+v*n/a) diff(a*u+v*n/a, a) = u - (v*n/a)/a diff(a*u+v*n/a, a) == 0 u - (v*n/a)/a == 0 u == v*n/(a*a) u*a*a = v*n a*a = v*n/u a = sqrt(n*v/u) ``` this change results in more checkpoints, requiring less layers to store between checkpoints, overall improving memory usage. * disable gradient checkpointing debug output * llama : fix rope usage in train-text-from-scratch after ChatGLM change * add more training parameters: --enable-restart N Only for Adam optimizer. Enable restarts of cos-decay --disable-restart N Only for Adam optimizer. Disable restarts of cos-decay --opt-past N Number of optimization iterations to track for delta convergence test. Disabled when zero. --opt-delta N Maximum delta for delta convergence test. Disabled when <= zero. --opt-max-no-improvement N Maximum number of optimization iterations with no improvement. Disabled when <= zero. --adam-epsf N AdamW epsilon for convergence test. Disabled when <= zero. --adam-min-alpha N Adam minimum learning rate alpha, usually 0.1 * alpha * replace memcpy with reshape operation so that the graph is not cut at the input this makes it possible to store other values into the input tensor and then simply recompute the graph without rebuilding it * remove unused function argument from get_example_targets_batch * measure and print total training time * add optimization callback to ggml_opt_resume_g this callback is called before each iteration with custom data and pointer to learning schedule parameter (only used in Adam(W)). can be used for dynamic learning schedule and setting input data for batches before each iteration * use optimization callback in training allows dynamic learning schedule and different batch data for each iteration without relying on low n_iter and high n_examples parameters reduces runtime by avoiding restart of optimization function and improves training convergence by providing a different batch for each iteration * add minimum number of tensor dimensions to apply weight decay (default 2) this allows to not apply weight decay to bias parameters * rename training parameter cos-decay-alpha to cos-decay-min and clarify that adam-min-alpha also applies to warmup * fix increase of model.train_samples and model.train_tokens now that each optimizer iteration gets its own batch we need to multiply by number of opt iterations * change sampling parameters for prediction after training to defaults of common.h and clarify what is context for prediction and what are generated tokens * tighten abs error bounds for cross_entropy_loss in test-grad0 * add conditional compilation of using F16 exp in flash attention uncomment `// #define GGML_FLASH_ATTN_EXP_FP16` to enable usage of f16 exp in flash attention * tighten abs error bounds for flash_attn in test-grad0 * tighten abs error bounds for sqrt in test-grad0 * remove out-commented vectorized code of opt_adam the vectorized code might be bit faster for low number of parameters, but it had a big memory usage overhead * ggml : update ggml_rms_norm_back with configurable eps * llama training : fix ggml_rms_norm_back calls to pass configurable eps * remove trailing whitespace * add train function using automatic gradient checkpointing backward pass and allocator * in train function replace add_inplace by regular add because using add_inplace seems to result in different gradients * don't use allocate hash_map on context because the context has no_alloc=True when using memory allocator resulting in NULL data pointers * correctly clone reshape and permute operations by also cloning tensor->nb values * fix variable name and add missing type cast * terminate recursive tensor cloning when reaching tensor without src tensors * correctly clone view tensors by setting data pointers without this the checkpointing would only work when being used together with memory allocator * fix variable names * swap arguments to commutative ops to be the same as in `forward_batch_wo_cache_flash_attn` * add input tensors as checkpoints so that recursive tensor cloning of gradient checkpointing terminates on input tensors * fix variable name and add missing boolean negation * make sure some tensors are not reallocated by inserting new temporary nodes depending on them: output and parameter gradient tensors need to be available at the end of the graph execution parameter gradient tensors also need to be available before the graph execution because they are set to zero before each optimizer iteration checkpoint tensors are allocated all together to reduce memory allocator fragmentation afterwards, in addition to the temporary nodes, we also need to reset the temporary leafs * fix ASSERT to work with zero layers * add training options whether to use allocator and/or unified training function * integrate unified training function which may use memory allocator the unified training function also supports arguments whether to use flash attention and/or gradient checkpointing * format name of cloned tensors with " (clone)" suffix * set names for tensors in unified train function for easier debugging * allocate graph on context using ggml_new_graph * remove handwritten training functions * remove unused training parameters "use_scratch" and "use_unified" * remove trailing whitespace * remove unused train params: mem_compute1_gb & mem_compute2_gb mem_compute_gb is used for compute when automatic memory allocator is not enabled, otherwise it can be very small to only hold the tensor definitions mem_compute0_gb is used for automatic memory allocator (as long as measurement of max required size is not implemented) * remove unused forward_batch function * add debug asserts in ggml_allocr_alloc to some common pitfalls when using this function directly * only use ggml_allocr_alloc when tensor has NULL data and is no view * fix test when to create temporary backward graph temporary backward graph is only necessary when using checkpointing * fix memory "leak" in optimizers each iteration a new cplan with new memory for work data was allocated. now cplan creation only happens at the start of optimization, with each iteration reusing the cplan and its work data. * reverse order of for loop in ggml_build_backward_expand to save memory when using gradient checkpointing and allocator with this loop order gradient checkpointing with allocator on 16 layer model saves 13% memory; 2 layer memory it saves 2% memory. the computation results are the same * add missing lctx argument to get_example_targets_batch * implement llama model file saving using gguf checkpoint loading and saving disabled, to be replaced by loading and saving via gguf * implement loading/saving of checkpointing files using GGUF * bug fixes * add checkpoint file version for future compatibility * update readme with gguf filenames * save & load opt->just_initialized value * add first draft for checkpoint conversion script * add gguf arch and ftype * save opt parameter counter as uint64 * add gguf key and tensor names for optimizer and training * add layer_norm_rms_eps to checkpoint convert script * use same GGUF_GET_KEY macro as in llama.cpp * use norm_rms_eps, and rope parameters and command line options to set them * fix memory corruption bug in gguf ctx->kv and ctx->infos was reallocated using not-aligned realloc, but freed with aligned free. to fix this a GGML_ALIGNED_REALLOC was added, but there is no posix_memalign_realloc function. so on non-windows and non-mingw32 platforms we fall back to aligned malloc, followed by copying and freeing the old data. * add gguf example cmake file * bug fixes in tokenize_file * bug fixes in load_llama_model_gguf * bug fix: init model when no checkpoint was loaded * bug fix in read_tensor_by_name * bug fix in load_opt_context_gguf * avoid printing lots of spaced on the unusual case that loss gets nan * set name of tensors with empty name from what was read from gguf * remove trailing whitespace * print data checksums before saving and after loading to verify correctness * bug fixes for convert-train-checkpoint-to-gguf * temporarily add code to write old checkpoint files used to verify that old checkpoint files are correctly converted to gguf * bug fixes for convert-train-checkpoint-to-gguf.py loading checkpoints with opt_version=0 * remove code used to verify correctness of checkpoint file conversion * remove trailing whitespace * remove prediction related code use main for prediction, it is better optimized * update train-text-from-scratch README.md * fix non-windows GGML_ALIGNED_REALLOC * add missing blank line at end of file * remove GGML_ALIGNED_REALLOC and use normal malloc/realloc/free for gguf ctx->kv & ctx->infos * train : fix compile warnings --------- Co-authored-by: Georgi Gerganov <ggerganov@gmail.com>
2023-08-28 19:51:47 +00:00
--vocab-model ../models/ggml-vocab-llama.gguf \
train : improved training-from-scratch example (#1652) * add python wrapper https://gist.github.com/abetlen/2b90e5f153f6efd00931d098de5c73ce * fix decoding error. adds errors=ignore parameter * add python bindings for functions to get and set the whole llama state (rng, logits, embedding and kv_cache) * update python bindings * add text generating baby-llama from scratch example * fix race condition bug in ggml_compute_forward_diag_mask_f32 * implement ggml_soft_max_back for more performant backward pass of soft_max avoids creating big intermediate matrices of size n_embd x n_embd for llama layers and n_vocab x n_vocab for cross entropy loss * improve softmax backward pass go from quadratic runtime to linear runtime by simplifying the formulas * fix race condition bug in non-inplace ggml_compute_forward_diag_mask_f32 memcpy needs to be synchronized across threads to avoid race conditions. => do it in INIT phase * fix bug in ggml_compute_forward_soft_max_back_f32 on DEBUG build * improve performance of mul_mat backward pass avoid transpose by using mul_mat with swapped arguments * avoid printing too much newlines in baby-llama-text * activate threading in baby-llama-text * add ggml_out_prod and use it for mul_mat backward pass for improved performance performance stats report improvement from 37 seconds to 16 seconds runtime during my training tests * better weight initialization improves training convergence at start * better weight initialization improves training convergence at start * improve ggml_out_prod performance - change iteration order (>15s -> 10s runtime) - parallelize over one more dimension: over dst matrix rows (10s -> <5s runtime) * add llama sampler, shuffle samples and constrain sampling to tokens occurring in train data * fix get_samples call, add model tensor names, increase model size, start training samples after newline * save train trained model to checkpoint and load model to be trained from checkpoint * use inplace functions where possible * initialize rng with srand * use different arguments for input and output checkpoint * ggml fixes to support backward pass on inplace operations * remove duplicate include * fix cross entropy loss - add target probabilities for each sample which is then used in cross entropy loss * print used memory before and after optimization * sample with non-greedy sampling parameters at the end of training * add cmake target for baby-llama-text * add ggml_add1_inplace to header * enable gradient propagation for inplace add1 and scale operations those functions backward passes don't need the original src0, so they also work when forward is inplace * implement AdamW in ggml_opt_adam by adding weight decay parameter (default 0.001f) also add a schedule parameter (default 1.0f) that can be used to scale alpha and decay according to learning schedule. setting the decay parameter to zero disables AdamW resulting in normal Adam optimizer. since the difference between Adam and AdamW is minimal it is not implemented as another optimizer, but integrated into the existing Adam optimizer. * use inplace operations in cross_entropy_loss * fix random weight initialization scale * add missing default parameters for adam optimizer * add ggml_opt_context, so that we can properly resume training otherwise the optimizer states, tracking statistics about the error function and its derivates, will reset to zero each time ggml_opt is called, hindering convergence on resumed training. now the optimizer context and all its memory is stored in a separate struct. * fix bug in llama_sample_token_mirostat_v2 when all candidates are filtered out through mu threshold, the following soft_max operation will fail. so keep at least one. * add forward function without using cache, for more performant training during training on whole samples no cache is required. removing the cache and simplifying the remaining code results in performance and memory usage improvement. * print suppressed newline tokens as string "\n" printing too much actual newlines is suppressed to avoid flooding the console. * store optimizer state in training checkpoint and add learning schedule persistent optimizer state allows to resume training without resetting the optimizer learning schedule consists of linear warmup ramp followed by cosine decay with restarts * remove unused functions * fix bug in get_samples which corrupted training targets * save checkpoint only when it was trained * simplify code * remove trailing whitespace * simplify backward pass for SQRT * replace inefficient repeat backward pass with dedicated repeat_back operation * add ggml_cross_entropy_loss with backward pass for faster training cross entropy loss can also be implemented using softmax and log, but as dedicated operation it is faster and especially avoids unnecessary memory overhead. * add tests for cross_entropy_loss backward pass finite differences regularly results in estimated gradient of zero, despite the backward pass giving non zero gradient. _probably_ the finite differences fails due to numerical issues * use ggml_cross_entropy_loss in text training example * remove trailing whitespace * slightly improve how cross entropy loss is compute btw: directly implemented cross entropy loss seems to have way lower magnitudes than when implemented with softmax and log. probably the input to log gets closer to zero due to float numerics. maybe the multiplication by (1.0-eps)/sum is more accurate.. * add llama_get_vocab to get the vocabulary as output parameters * set default model.type for unknown models with few layers * add export of training checkpoint to llama compatible model file * get vocabulary for exporting training checkpoint to llama compatible model file * implement backward pass of flash attention * bugfixes for backward pass of flash attention * test flash attention backward pass need to set loose error bounds to pass. the finitie differences are close to numeric limits and often return quite different values than the backward pass. reducing eps further lets the gradients vanish completely. likewise setting eps to big results in wronger values. the softmax in the middle of the function is probably the most responsible for the numeric issues using finite differences. * add option to train with flash attention and move options to the top of the main function training from scratch also works with flash attention training convergence and generation results after fix number of iterations are worse than when not using flash attention. maybe there still lingers a bug in the flash attention backward pass? but training works, just with slower convergence. flash attention is still worth to use, because it requires way less memory and is faster with high n_ctx * add train_params and command line option parser * remove unnecessary comments * add train params to specify memory size * remove python bindings * rename baby-llama-text to train-text-from-scratch * replace auto parameters in lambda function * add #include <climits> * add explicit cast to fix compile error "error: non-constant-expression cannot be narrowed from type 'int64_t' (aka 'long long') to 'uint32_t' (aka 'unsigned int') in initializer list [-Wc++11-narrowing]" * remove trailing whitespace * add ggml_opt_resume_g which accepts forward and backward cgraphs * fix formulas in comments * bug fix for ggml_compute_forward_get_rows_back_f32 the result should be set to zero, not to whatever data is in opt0 * improve training memory usage with scratch buffers instead of relying on the automatic backward pass, we manually create the graph for the backward pass. it turns out that all backward pass operations need only temporary memory which can be reused after each layer. will compute backward pass for ALL model parameters * add option to use scratch buffers in training or not make it configurable because currently training with scratch buffers implies flash attention and optimization over all parameters. * ci : disable temporary * store view offset and permute axes in opt[0] instead of storing it in padding use memcpy to store offset, because offset is of type size_t. when storing it as int32_t offset would have to be smaller than 2^31 which is not necessarily true. * minor : fix compile warnings + minor style changes * fix bug in threaded indices calculation of ggml_compute_forward_flash_attn_back_f32 * store view offset like in master branch * bug fix in forward_batch_wo_cache_flash_attn_train * scratch buffer bug fixes in forward_batch_wo_cache_flash_attn_train data of permute and reshape is the same as their input. if we want to preserve the output of permute/reshape, we also need to preserve their inputs. replace reshape(src0, src1) with reshape_nd calls so that we don't need src1. replace (temporary) t03 with ggml_repeat(ctx0, layer.attention_norm, t02). in the future we could also use the new broadcasting ggml_mul to avoid these repeat calls. for this we need backward pass of broadcasting ggml_mul. * remove unnecessary scratch buffer 0 buf 0 is persistent memory, so we can just disable scratch for this by using buf -1 * avoid creating unnecessary grad tensors previously we need to create grads for model parameters, so that expand(..) correctly populates cgraph->leafs & cgraph->grads this wasted memory, because unnecessary grad for each op were automatically created: the automatically generated grad was unnecessary because we later manually set the grad (e.g. t35->grad = expand(gb, ...) ). this discarded the automatically generated grad resulting in wasted memory. improved this by changing expand(..) to not use ggml_build_forward_expand. expand set cgraph->nodes but not the leafs. cgraph->leafs & cgraph->grads are set in another pass after the last expand call. * print used training seed * zero initialize gfbuf and gbbuf * ci : re-enable workflows + add README for training --------- Co-authored-by: Georgi Gerganov <ggerganov@gmail.com>
2023-06-13 19:04:40 +00:00
--ctx 64 --embd 256 --head 8 --layer 16 \
train : finetune LORA (#2632) * fix track_max_mem in forward_batch_wo_cache_flash_attn_train * remove unnecessary Adam(W) optimizer tensors. reduces optimizer memory overhead from 7*modelsize to 2*modelsize. additionally allows to optimize models with more than 2^31 parameters by replacing int with int64_t. bumps training checkpoint file version, but old checkpoints can still be read. new version with less tensors is saved. * add gradient clipping to AdamW * Fix reset of unused g->nodes and g->grads to NULL * implement gradient checkpointing for training reduces memory overhead from O(n_layer) to O(sqrt(n_layer)) as explained in readme of https://github.com/cybertronai/gradient-checkpointing * remove unused compute buffer 3 * add and use function ggml_build_backward_expand to avoid stack overflows with large maximum number of nodes GGML_API void ggml_build_backward_expand(struct ggml_context * ctx, struct ggml_cgraph * gf, struct ggml_cgraph * gb, bool keep); * change AdamW decay parameter to work like the torch AdamW decay parameter It is now relative to Adam learning rate `alpha*sched`. Before that it was relative to `sched` only. `alpha` being the maximum learning rate and `sched` being a scaling parameter in [0..1] * change default AdamW weight decay parameter used in training to 0.1 as used in nanoGPT * change default AdamW weight decay parameter defined in ggml to 0.0, making Adam default instead of AdamW btw: the default weight decay parameter for torch.optim.AdamW is 0.01 * bug fixes for cross entropy loss ggml_cross_entropy_loss: sums where not correctly added in workload of each thread ggml_cross_entropy_loss_back: simplify backward process, reducing numerical issues guard usage of exp f16 lookup in cross entropy by #define GGML_CROSS_ENTROPY_EXP_FP16 cross entropy loss is only used once during training, but it is quite sensitive to numerical errors introduced by exp-f16-lookup. so exp-f16-lookup for cross entropy loss is disabled by default, trading better gradients for very slightly worse runtime performance. * fix test-grad0 for cross_entropy_loss the second argument to cross_entropy_loss must sum up to 1 for each row * fix test-grad0 for soft_max dont use only sum as aggregation, because sum of softmax is always 1 -> finite differences should not work instead use sum(log(soft_max()*(1-eps)+eps)); use eps to avoid log(0) * improve finite differences of test-grad0 by using double instead of float * change cross_entropy_loss to output average over all rows this helps keeping the loss and gradients in a sane range * improve gradient checkpointing sqrt(n_layers) is only the best checkpoint step when mem size of checkpoints and mem size of layers are equal. since layers require more memory than the single-tensor-checkpoint we use, the optimal values are compute different: ``` given: n, u, v objective: minimize(a*u+b*v) where a*b=n, a>0, b>0 b=n/a minimize(a*u+v*n/a) diff(a*u+v*n/a, a) = u - (v*n/a)/a diff(a*u+v*n/a, a) == 0 u - (v*n/a)/a == 0 u == v*n/(a*a) u*a*a = v*n a*a = v*n/u a = sqrt(n*v/u) ``` this change results in more checkpoints, requiring less layers to store between checkpoints, overall improving memory usage. * disable gradient checkpointing debug output * llama : fix rope usage in train-text-from-scratch after ChatGLM change * add more training parameters: --enable-restart N Only for Adam optimizer. Enable restarts of cos-decay --disable-restart N Only for Adam optimizer. Disable restarts of cos-decay --opt-past N Number of optimization iterations to track for delta convergence test. Disabled when zero. --opt-delta N Maximum delta for delta convergence test. Disabled when <= zero. --opt-max-no-improvement N Maximum number of optimization iterations with no improvement. Disabled when <= zero. --adam-epsf N AdamW epsilon for convergence test. Disabled when <= zero. --adam-min-alpha N Adam minimum learning rate alpha, usually 0.1 * alpha * replace memcpy with reshape operation so that the graph is not cut at the input this makes it possible to store other values into the input tensor and then simply recompute the graph without rebuilding it * remove unused function argument from get_example_targets_batch * measure and print total training time * add optimization callback to ggml_opt_resume_g this callback is called before each iteration with custom data and pointer to learning schedule parameter (only used in Adam(W)). can be used for dynamic learning schedule and setting input data for batches before each iteration * use optimization callback in training allows dynamic learning schedule and different batch data for each iteration without relying on low n_iter and high n_examples parameters reduces runtime by avoiding restart of optimization function and improves training convergence by providing a different batch for each iteration * add minimum number of tensor dimensions to apply weight decay (default 2) this allows to not apply weight decay to bias parameters * rename training parameter cos-decay-alpha to cos-decay-min and clarify that adam-min-alpha also applies to warmup * fix increase of model.train_samples and model.train_tokens now that each optimizer iteration gets its own batch we need to multiply by number of opt iterations * change sampling parameters for prediction after training to defaults of common.h and clarify what is context for prediction and what are generated tokens * tighten abs error bounds for cross_entropy_loss in test-grad0 * add conditional compilation of using F16 exp in flash attention uncomment `// #define GGML_FLASH_ATTN_EXP_FP16` to enable usage of f16 exp in flash attention * tighten abs error bounds for flash_attn in test-grad0 * tighten abs error bounds for sqrt in test-grad0 * remove out-commented vectorized code of opt_adam the vectorized code might be bit faster for low number of parameters, but it had a big memory usage overhead * ggml : update ggml_rms_norm_back with configurable eps * llama training : fix ggml_rms_norm_back calls to pass configurable eps * remove trailing whitespace * add train function using automatic gradient checkpointing backward pass and allocator * in train function replace add_inplace by regular add because using add_inplace seems to result in different gradients * don't use allocate hash_map on context because the context has no_alloc=True when using memory allocator resulting in NULL data pointers * correctly clone reshape and permute operations by also cloning tensor->nb values * fix variable name and add missing type cast * terminate recursive tensor cloning when reaching tensor without src tensors * correctly clone view tensors by setting data pointers without this the checkpointing would only work when being used together with memory allocator * fix variable names * swap arguments to commutative ops to be the same as in `forward_batch_wo_cache_flash_attn` * add input tensors as checkpoints so that recursive tensor cloning of gradient checkpointing terminates on input tensors * fix variable name and add missing boolean negation * make sure some tensors are not reallocated by inserting new temporary nodes depending on them: output and parameter gradient tensors need to be available at the end of the graph execution parameter gradient tensors also need to be available before the graph execution because they are set to zero before each optimizer iteration checkpoint tensors are allocated all together to reduce memory allocator fragmentation afterwards, in addition to the temporary nodes, we also need to reset the temporary leafs * fix ASSERT to work with zero layers * add training options whether to use allocator and/or unified training function * integrate unified training function which may use memory allocator the unified training function also supports arguments whether to use flash attention and/or gradient checkpointing * format name of cloned tensors with " (clone)" suffix * set names for tensors in unified train function for easier debugging * allocate graph on context using ggml_new_graph * remove handwritten training functions * remove unused training parameters "use_scratch" and "use_unified" * remove trailing whitespace * remove unused train params: mem_compute1_gb & mem_compute2_gb mem_compute_gb is used for compute when automatic memory allocator is not enabled, otherwise it can be very small to only hold the tensor definitions mem_compute0_gb is used for automatic memory allocator (as long as measurement of max required size is not implemented) * remove unused forward_batch function * add debug asserts in ggml_allocr_alloc to some common pitfalls when using this function directly * only use ggml_allocr_alloc when tensor has NULL data and is no view * fix test when to create temporary backward graph temporary backward graph is only necessary when using checkpointing * fix memory "leak" in optimizers each iteration a new cplan with new memory for work data was allocated. now cplan creation only happens at the start of optimization, with each iteration reusing the cplan and its work data. * reverse order of for loop in ggml_build_backward_expand to save memory when using gradient checkpointing and allocator with this loop order gradient checkpointing with allocator on 16 layer model saves 13% memory; 2 layer memory it saves 2% memory. the computation results are the same * add API functions to access llama model tensors * add stub example for finetuning, based on train-text-from-scratch * move and remove code * add API functions to access remaining model parameters: mult, head and rot * first draft for LORA finetune training * remove const model and layer arguments in API functions for accessing model tensors * bug fixes to make finetune compile automatic allocator does not work yet * add debug prints for training memory improvements * fix names of lora tensors * avoid stack overflow resulting from big ggml_cgraph replace stack allocation and ggml_build_forward by ggml_new_graph in combination with ggml_build_forward_expand * replace llama API functions to get model tensors by one function to get model tensor by name LLAMA_API struct ggml_tensor * llama_get_model_tensor(struct llama_model * model, const char * name); * remove unused call to not existing llama_get_layer_from_model * implement ggml_compute_forward_out_prod_q_f32 * remove trailing whitespace * add lora finetune support on quantized base model tensors * add ggml_add_cast API function this function works like ggml_add, but accepts a data type for the resulting tensor. only supported for quantized src0 input. * use ggml_add_cast in finetuning lora-applied weights will now have data type F32, which improves gradients when finetuning quantized base models * bug fix: actually use result type passed to ggml_add_cast * make sure base model tensors data cannot be used in viewable operations memory allocator would try to make lora application inplace on base model tensors. since those are memory mapped this will result in memory access violations * fix bug in ggml_out_prod which resulted in wrong n_dims of result tensors * avoid keeping in memory ALL of the gradients The problem here stems from ggml_graph_reset. This function is called in the optimization function, before each graph computation, to reset the gradients to zero. This required a unique memory slot for each gradient: allocating memory from a previosly freed memory location might lead to non-zero input gradients. During ggml_compute_backward the gradients are build stepwise by adding or substracting new values, starting from a OP_NONE tensor which needs to contain zero-values. This requires the graph reset. To avoid this I now remember in ggml_build_backward_expand the original OP_NONE gradient tensors in a hash table, which is passed to ggml_compute_backward. There instead of using add (or sub or similar) I test whether the existing gradient to be changed is a zero-valued-tensor by looking up its existence in the hash table. When it is such a zero-tensor it will not be modified, but replaced by the value to be added, otherwise the regular add (not inplace, allocator will take care of this) will be used. This way none of those zero-tensor values will be necessary in the final backward graph and more importantly they won't need a unique memory slot, just to make them zero. * remove trailing whitespace * remove debug prints and function to compute tensor data hash * improve optimization iteration prints * adjust maximal values to support finetuning 3B models * change default finetune params lora_r and lora_alpha to match the n_rank parameters of 4 * bug fix: make sure finetune input gradient is allocated at begin and kept until end * remove unnecessary src tensor from ggml_get_rows_back we don't need data of src[2] for computation, only to setup the correct output shape. remove dependency on src[2], so that allocator can work more freely. the computational graph is still completely determined, because the output shape is naturally included. this is similar to how ggml_reshape does it. * remove unnecessary src tensor from ggml_repeat & ggml_repeat_back we don't need data of src[1] for computation, only to setup the correct output shape. remove dependency on src[1], so that allocator can work more freely. the computational graph is still completely determined, because the output shape is naturally included * resolve todo allocator will only make it inplace when they are of the same type * mixing multiple LORA adapters is now possible pass more than one '--lora FNAME' argument to apply more than one LORA. use '--lora-scaled FNAME S' when you want to specify a user-defined scale for an adapter. * add option to save finetune output every N iterations * also save latest finetune output with ITERATION="LATEST" and print where files are saved saving with LATEST makes it easier to resume training from the latest checkpoint the string "LATEST" can be configured with command line option "--fn-latest STR" * update checkpoint train stats before saving via "--save-every" * add command line option `--rank-wo N` for rank of wo tensor * update finetune README * fix dump_non_result_info_yaml to output multiple lora adapters * bug fix: replace GGML_TYPE_SIZE[t] by ggml_type_size(t) * replace llama_n_mult by llama_n_ff * finetune bug fixes to compile with merged in code from master * remove prediction related code to reduce duplicated code with main use main instead * reduce large memory overhead in train-text-from-scratch all gradients had to be pinned so that graph_reset works correctly. this is no longer necessary with the changes to ggml_compute_backward introduced in this PR. * add comment explaining why finetune checkpoints are allocated in one block * make default value of float member a float literal * handle rms_norm and rope parameters the same as in train-text-from-scratch * remove unused code * remove vocab related code as it is unnecessary * add LLM_KV_TRAINING_TYPE to train-text-from-scratch checkpoints so that they can be differentiated from lora finetune checkpoints * add gguf constants and load/save functions from train-text-from-scratch * add load & save lora finetune checkpoints via gguf * add python script to convert old finetune checkpoint files to gguf * remove old checkpoint save & load code * remove code to print data checksums which was used to verify correctness of new gguf code * omit tokenization when training is disabled, only save llama lora adapter training can be disabled by passing '-n 0' to finetune * remove trailing whitespace * update README.md * implement ggml_compute_forward_repeat_f16 * avoid stack overflow of large cgraphs in test-grad0 * add ggml API functions ggml_unravel_index, ggml_get_i32_nd and its analogs for set and for f32 ggml_get_i32_1d, ggml_set_i32_1d, ggml_get_f32_1d, ggml_set_f32_1d now support non-contiguous tensors. in case of non-contiguous tensor, the 1d index is unraveled into a multi index using ggml_unravel_index to be passed to '_nd' function equivalent. this fixes a bug in test-grad0 which happens due to ggml_build_backward not building purely contiguous tensors anymore * increase test-grad0 context mem size to accommodate for bigger cgraph * add sanity check to ggml_compute_backward, asserting the correct shape of gradients * fix ggml_acc_or_set to return tensor of correct shape * remove unused 'inplace' argument from ggml_compute_backward function inplace operations to add gradients are no longer created by ggml_compute_backward use allocator to automatically make inplace operations * add missing argument 'int i0' to ggml_get_i32_nd & ggml_set_i32_nd header declarations * fix error message in ggml_allocr_alloc to display actual max_avail * fix check_gradient ggml_build_backward_expand was previously replaced by ggml_build_backward, but the assignment of forward graph to backward graph missing * use tensor->view_src instead of ggml_is_view and get_view_source * move gradient checkpointing code into ggml, new API function: // build gradient checkpointing backward graph gb for gf using provided checkpoints // gb_tmp will contain original backward graph with rewritten backward process nodes, // but without the second forward pass nodes. GGML_API void ggml_build_backward_gradient_checkpointing( struct ggml_context * ctx, struct ggml_cgraph * gf, struct ggml_cgraph * gb, struct ggml_cgraph * gb_tmp, struct ggml_tensor * * checkpoints, int n_checkpoints); * replace custom data getters and setters by ggml functions * train-text-from-scratch can train (full finetune) gguf models just pass the gguf model via `--checkpoint-in FN`. after this, to continue training, pass the generated checkpoint instead of the original gguf model. tested with smaller models, bigger models may exceed available memory. use (LORA) finetune for those. * remove trailing whitespace * add option to save train-text-from-scratch output every N iterations * update README.md * fix warnings * fix warnings * remove finetune option to disable allocator the allocator should always be used. by making sure that it is always used it gets easier to implement automatic memory requirements computation * add tensor checkpoints only when gradient checkpointing is enabled * initialize opt ggml context if none was provided * add ggml-alloc API function 'ggml_allocr_max_size' to get max size of alloc GGML_API size_t ggml_allocr_max_size(struct ggml_allocr * alloc); * finetune: automatically allocate all memory and changes to command line options remove '--n_examples N' parameter, as it no longer makes sense to call optimization process multiple times in a loop. add '--only_write_lora' command line option: will skip tokenization and training, to only write a llama.cpp comptabile LORA adapter. remove memory buffer related command line options. improve iteration console output. * add finetune to Makefile * update README.md * print time per iteration and estimate remaining time * increase measured alloc size by tensor_alignment ggml_allocr_reset will reduce the given size by up to tensor_alignment-1 * fix README.md * add some more allocator debug prints * bug fix, probably solves the 'ggml_allocr_alloc: not enough space in the buffer' issue * revert last commit "bug fix, probably solves the 'ggml_allocr_alloc: not enough space in the buffer' issue" "alloc was freeing an externally allocated tensor, because it calculated the end of allocator memory as alloc->data + alloc->max_size instead of alloc->data + alloc->size." This is intentional to reduce the risk of freeing external tensors when measuring. Unless max_size is not properly calculated, I don't see why this is an issue. * remove unnecessary "0x" before "%p" output * move measurement memory segment to upper region of the address space * update README.md * fix printf format warnings * add missing gguf_free in load_checkpoint_lora_file * load default rms_norm and rope parameters from base model * add gradient accumulation specify number accumulation steps with '--grad-acc N'. this will simulate a bigger batch size of grad_acc*batch. * fix tracking of train_samples and train_tokens * build : fix compile warnings * ggml : fix L-BFGS linesearch loop * improve finetune time measurement fix printf warnings on system where int64_t is (long int). change time datatypes to double because values get big with long training times. exclude file saving from time measurement. converge faster to actual time per iteration by removing very small first duration before first iteration was performed. fix bug in output of total training time, the reported value was 1000 times to small. * specify default lora rank with '--lora-r N' '--lora-r N' will specify default rank for all tensors '--rank-wq N', etc. will override this default rank for specific tensor types. * fix gradient accumulation bug where the same batch was used for each microstep * fix gradient accumulation bug where the same batch was used for each microstep * support grouped-query-attention in ggml_flash_attn and ggml_flash_attn_back k and v can now be repeated in q along ne[2] in forward pass just use modulo to compute k and v indices, like ik2 = iq2 % nek2. in backard pass this won't work as easy, because multiple threads will compete to accumulate to the same k->grad[:,ik1,ik2,ik3] and v->grad[:,iv1,iv2,iv3]. so we change the parallelization over q rows to be over k rows. this ensures non-overlapping (ik2,ik3) across threads. in each thread we then iterate over the number of repetitions of k/v in q to compute iq2 as iq2 = ik2 + irep*nek2. since ne2 is not the same for q,k and v we also change how the gradients are concatenated into the result tensor. additionally the offsets of gradq, gradk and gradv in the result tensor are now memory aligned. we also simplify the compute_backward part of flash_attn to use ggml_reshape instead of switching over the number of dimensions. this needs a small change to ggml_reshape, removing the assertion of second argument to be contiguous. since only the shape (ne) of the second reshape argument is of relevance, its memory layout (nb) is irrelevant -> it can very well be non-contiguous. change test-grad0 to also test for repeated k/v in q. this changes the rng and now results in small gradient differences in softmax. these solely come from using f16 exp table lookup in forward softmax: when temporarily changing softmax to use actual exp function, the reported gradient differences go away. gradient differences coming solely from f16 table lookup are acceptable. added a note to explain this. * add llama API functions to get grouped-query-attention n_head parameter 'n_head_kv'. * fix finetune to support grouped-query-attention (using flash-attention) note: ggml changes to ggml_out_prod are necessary to support grouped-query-attention without flash-attention. * support broadcastable a in out_prod(a, b) and backward pass of broadcasting mul_mat(a, b) * test broadcasting mul_mat backward pass * decouple random number generator of each operation test when changing one test the rng of others tests is not influenced anymore * add comment briefly describing what ggml_repeat_back does * simplify broadcasting mul_mat backward using ggml_repeat_back * add cgraph evaluation order member and corresponding enum type this controls in which order ggml_build_forward visits source nodes. by default the nodes are visited left to right, i.e. src[0] first. in some cases it is beneficial for ggml-alloc to visit in a different order. two possible orders are supported: left-to-right (src[0] first) and right-to-left (src[0] last). * measure max compute size for each cgraph eval order and use best order this can bring huge memory savings: e.g. codellama-34b with n_ctx=64, n_batch=1 goes from 92927.8mb down to 4627.6 MB * remove unused command line options * add sample start patterns and options to force new or by default resume last shuffling * update shuffle rng state on reshuffle * exclude known zero values from computations in flash_attn_f32 & flash_attn_back_f32 * remove probably unnecessary exception type flags from stringstream * pass correct max number of tokens to llama_tokenize * account for possible leading whitespace that will be added by tokenizer e.g. '\t' will be tokenized by llama spm tokenizer to [29871, 12] * use unrolled vec_mad in out_prod y is vec_mad result vec. x is vec_mad input vec. v is vec_mad input scalar. ggml_vec_mad_f32_unroll will internally loop over x and v with same y. GGML_VEC_MAD_UNROLL is by default defined to 32. This value is empirical optimized using performance test runs of out-prod in openllama-3b finetune with 256 context length and batch size 1. It gives 23% performance boost for out_prod. Full measurements of out-prod runtime in ms: unroll_xv unroll_yv 1 67014.643 87826.469 2 77117.552 89077.656 4 72091.311 109121.657 8 61077.543 88678.334 16 56914.67 79514.947 24 59024.595 84350.254 28 55952.446 83368.73 32 51476.658 85177.745 36 55973.792 84659.92 40 55139.616 93844.738 48 60736.392 93330.267 64 99856.878 116994.99 Second column is when unrollying yv instead of xv * set lora_alpha to value of lora_r if it is not set via command line otherwise only changing lora_r will change scaling of lora adapter used in prediction * reshuffle original sample order instead of the previous shuffled order otherwise resumed reshuffle will not result in same sample order * block tiling for out-prod inspired by mul-mat block sizes are empirically optimized roughly doubles the flops of out-prod * exclude some more known zero values from computations in flash_attn_f32 & flash_attn_back_f32 * add static keywords * remove outcommented old code * update train-text-from-scratch with tokenization, sample selection and shuffling from finetune * remove lbfgs related train parameters * move common train functions into common/train.[h|cpp] * move train state into struct train_state * move train data saving code into callback to unify code of opt_callback train_params are still different in finetune and train-text-from-scratch, so it can't yet be moved to train.h|cpp * move common train params into common/train * move common opt_callback into common/train * fix consume_common_train_arg * save and load head_count_kv in lora checkpoints * increase train_samples by used_samples instead of number of batches on batch can contain more than one sample when option "fill_with_next_samples" is used * fix usage of llama_tokenize * remove static from process_escape since we need it exposed in header * fix code formating of long function declarations * fix condition in load_train_state_gguf * use die("msg") instead of replace GGML_ASSERT(!"msg") or throw std::runtime_error("msg") * fix saving and loading of training type * remove terminating '\0' from tokenization (llama_tokenize is now passed the string length instead of relying on terminating '\0') * fix compile warnings * fix compile warnings * use new/delete for train_state instead of malloc/free using malloc may result in seg faults when trying to assign string fields * assert that sample_count > 0, avoiding division by zero * fix frand to return value in interval [0,1) * add train option "--sample-random-offsets" Use samples beginning at random offsets. The offset is only applied to the first sample in each batch context window. Together with "--fill-with-next-samples" this may help for training endless text generation. For example given a dataset containing samples "abcd", "ABCD", "0123". With context size of 8 and options "--fill-with-next-samples", "--no-separate-with-eos", "--no-separate-with-bos", the context windows of batches could only be filled with "abcdABCD", "ABCDabcd", "0123abcd", etc. With "--sample-random-offsets" it can also be filled with "23abcdAB", "bcd0123A", etc. * deduplicate code into function * remove n_rot hparam, as it must always be hparam.n_embd_head() * align code * assert correct base model tensor shapes * move some params from lora hparams into model hparams and load model params from gguf this equalizes the model definition in finetune and text-from-scratch and removes the need for additional llama api functions to get model parameters * remove now unnecessary llama API functions to get model params that where added by this PR * train-text-from-scratch: automatically allocate model tensors, remove option '--mem-model N' * train-text-from-scratch: automatically allocate opt context * train-text-from-scratch: automatically allocate input tensors * train-text-from-scratch: automatically allocate compute memory * remove unused options and equalize train-text-from-scratch with finetune * initialize opt->loss_after with zero * add export-lora program * remove trailing whitespace * add export-lora build in Makefile * remove unused struct tensor_info from export-lora * add export-lora build dependency to llama because it depends on common, which depends on llama * update finetune README.md * cancel optimization when specified number of epochs is completed * improve handling of export-lora arguments print errors and warnings when files could not be read or created * Fix export-lora.cpp "not enough space in the context's memory pool" (#1) * Fix export-lora.cpp "not enough space in the context's memory pool" Without this patch, export-lora would sometimes error with "not enough space in the context's memory pool (needed 656784, available 656800)". * increase required context size by 5*GGML_MEM_ALIGN instead of plain 16 --------- Co-authored-by: xaedes <xaedes@gmail.com> * improve handling of not yet supported tensor types --------- Co-authored-by: Georgi Gerganov <ggerganov@gmail.com> Co-authored-by: meatbag-18a <145869052+meatbag-18a@users.noreply.github.com>
2023-09-28 18:40:11 +00:00
--checkpoint-in chk-shakespeare-256x16-LATEST.gguf \
--checkpoint-out chk-shakespeare-256x16-ITERATION.gguf \
--model-out ggml-shakespeare-256x16-f32-ITERATION.gguf \
train : improved training-from-scratch example (#1652) * add python wrapper https://gist.github.com/abetlen/2b90e5f153f6efd00931d098de5c73ce * fix decoding error. adds errors=ignore parameter * add python bindings for functions to get and set the whole llama state (rng, logits, embedding and kv_cache) * update python bindings * add text generating baby-llama from scratch example * fix race condition bug in ggml_compute_forward_diag_mask_f32 * implement ggml_soft_max_back for more performant backward pass of soft_max avoids creating big intermediate matrices of size n_embd x n_embd for llama layers and n_vocab x n_vocab for cross entropy loss * improve softmax backward pass go from quadratic runtime to linear runtime by simplifying the formulas * fix race condition bug in non-inplace ggml_compute_forward_diag_mask_f32 memcpy needs to be synchronized across threads to avoid race conditions. => do it in INIT phase * fix bug in ggml_compute_forward_soft_max_back_f32 on DEBUG build * improve performance of mul_mat backward pass avoid transpose by using mul_mat with swapped arguments * avoid printing too much newlines in baby-llama-text * activate threading in baby-llama-text * add ggml_out_prod and use it for mul_mat backward pass for improved performance performance stats report improvement from 37 seconds to 16 seconds runtime during my training tests * better weight initialization improves training convergence at start * better weight initialization improves training convergence at start * improve ggml_out_prod performance - change iteration order (>15s -> 10s runtime) - parallelize over one more dimension: over dst matrix rows (10s -> <5s runtime) * add llama sampler, shuffle samples and constrain sampling to tokens occurring in train data * fix get_samples call, add model tensor names, increase model size, start training samples after newline * save train trained model to checkpoint and load model to be trained from checkpoint * use inplace functions where possible * initialize rng with srand * use different arguments for input and output checkpoint * ggml fixes to support backward pass on inplace operations * remove duplicate include * fix cross entropy loss - add target probabilities for each sample which is then used in cross entropy loss * print used memory before and after optimization * sample with non-greedy sampling parameters at the end of training * add cmake target for baby-llama-text * add ggml_add1_inplace to header * enable gradient propagation for inplace add1 and scale operations those functions backward passes don't need the original src0, so they also work when forward is inplace * implement AdamW in ggml_opt_adam by adding weight decay parameter (default 0.001f) also add a schedule parameter (default 1.0f) that can be used to scale alpha and decay according to learning schedule. setting the decay parameter to zero disables AdamW resulting in normal Adam optimizer. since the difference between Adam and AdamW is minimal it is not implemented as another optimizer, but integrated into the existing Adam optimizer. * use inplace operations in cross_entropy_loss * fix random weight initialization scale * add missing default parameters for adam optimizer * add ggml_opt_context, so that we can properly resume training otherwise the optimizer states, tracking statistics about the error function and its derivates, will reset to zero each time ggml_opt is called, hindering convergence on resumed training. now the optimizer context and all its memory is stored in a separate struct. * fix bug in llama_sample_token_mirostat_v2 when all candidates are filtered out through mu threshold, the following soft_max operation will fail. so keep at least one. * add forward function without using cache, for more performant training during training on whole samples no cache is required. removing the cache and simplifying the remaining code results in performance and memory usage improvement. * print suppressed newline tokens as string "\n" printing too much actual newlines is suppressed to avoid flooding the console. * store optimizer state in training checkpoint and add learning schedule persistent optimizer state allows to resume training without resetting the optimizer learning schedule consists of linear warmup ramp followed by cosine decay with restarts * remove unused functions * fix bug in get_samples which corrupted training targets * save checkpoint only when it was trained * simplify code * remove trailing whitespace * simplify backward pass for SQRT * replace inefficient repeat backward pass with dedicated repeat_back operation * add ggml_cross_entropy_loss with backward pass for faster training cross entropy loss can also be implemented using softmax and log, but as dedicated operation it is faster and especially avoids unnecessary memory overhead. * add tests for cross_entropy_loss backward pass finite differences regularly results in estimated gradient of zero, despite the backward pass giving non zero gradient. _probably_ the finite differences fails due to numerical issues * use ggml_cross_entropy_loss in text training example * remove trailing whitespace * slightly improve how cross entropy loss is compute btw: directly implemented cross entropy loss seems to have way lower magnitudes than when implemented with softmax and log. probably the input to log gets closer to zero due to float numerics. maybe the multiplication by (1.0-eps)/sum is more accurate.. * add llama_get_vocab to get the vocabulary as output parameters * set default model.type for unknown models with few layers * add export of training checkpoint to llama compatible model file * get vocabulary for exporting training checkpoint to llama compatible model file * implement backward pass of flash attention * bugfixes for backward pass of flash attention * test flash attention backward pass need to set loose error bounds to pass. the finitie differences are close to numeric limits and often return quite different values than the backward pass. reducing eps further lets the gradients vanish completely. likewise setting eps to big results in wronger values. the softmax in the middle of the function is probably the most responsible for the numeric issues using finite differences. * add option to train with flash attention and move options to the top of the main function training from scratch also works with flash attention training convergence and generation results after fix number of iterations are worse than when not using flash attention. maybe there still lingers a bug in the flash attention backward pass? but training works, just with slower convergence. flash attention is still worth to use, because it requires way less memory and is faster with high n_ctx * add train_params and command line option parser * remove unnecessary comments * add train params to specify memory size * remove python bindings * rename baby-llama-text to train-text-from-scratch * replace auto parameters in lambda function * add #include <climits> * add explicit cast to fix compile error "error: non-constant-expression cannot be narrowed from type 'int64_t' (aka 'long long') to 'uint32_t' (aka 'unsigned int') in initializer list [-Wc++11-narrowing]" * remove trailing whitespace * add ggml_opt_resume_g which accepts forward and backward cgraphs * fix formulas in comments * bug fix for ggml_compute_forward_get_rows_back_f32 the result should be set to zero, not to whatever data is in opt0 * improve training memory usage with scratch buffers instead of relying on the automatic backward pass, we manually create the graph for the backward pass. it turns out that all backward pass operations need only temporary memory which can be reused after each layer. will compute backward pass for ALL model parameters * add option to use scratch buffers in training or not make it configurable because currently training with scratch buffers implies flash attention and optimization over all parameters. * ci : disable temporary * store view offset and permute axes in opt[0] instead of storing it in padding use memcpy to store offset, because offset is of type size_t. when storing it as int32_t offset would have to be smaller than 2^31 which is not necessarily true. * minor : fix compile warnings + minor style changes * fix bug in threaded indices calculation of ggml_compute_forward_flash_attn_back_f32 * store view offset like in master branch * bug fix in forward_batch_wo_cache_flash_attn_train * scratch buffer bug fixes in forward_batch_wo_cache_flash_attn_train data of permute and reshape is the same as their input. if we want to preserve the output of permute/reshape, we also need to preserve their inputs. replace reshape(src0, src1) with reshape_nd calls so that we don't need src1. replace (temporary) t03 with ggml_repeat(ctx0, layer.attention_norm, t02). in the future we could also use the new broadcasting ggml_mul to avoid these repeat calls. for this we need backward pass of broadcasting ggml_mul. * remove unnecessary scratch buffer 0 buf 0 is persistent memory, so we can just disable scratch for this by using buf -1 * avoid creating unnecessary grad tensors previously we need to create grads for model parameters, so that expand(..) correctly populates cgraph->leafs & cgraph->grads this wasted memory, because unnecessary grad for each op were automatically created: the automatically generated grad was unnecessary because we later manually set the grad (e.g. t35->grad = expand(gb, ...) ). this discarded the automatically generated grad resulting in wasted memory. improved this by changing expand(..) to not use ggml_build_forward_expand. expand set cgraph->nodes but not the leafs. cgraph->leafs & cgraph->grads are set in another pass after the last expand call. * print used training seed * zero initialize gfbuf and gbbuf * ci : re-enable workflows + add README for training --------- Co-authored-by: Georgi Gerganov <ggerganov@gmail.com>
2023-06-13 19:04:40 +00:00
--train-data "shakespeare.txt" \
train : mem usage and other improvements (#2439) * fix track_max_mem in forward_batch_wo_cache_flash_attn_train * remove unnecessary Adam(W) optimizer tensors. reduces optimizer memory overhead from 7*modelsize to 2*modelsize. additionally allows to optimize models with more than 2^31 parameters by replacing int with int64_t. bumps training checkpoint file version, but old checkpoints can still be read. new version with less tensors is saved. * add gradient clipping to AdamW * Fix reset of unused g->nodes and g->grads to NULL * implement gradient checkpointing for training reduces memory overhead from O(n_layer) to O(sqrt(n_layer)) as explained in readme of https://github.com/cybertronai/gradient-checkpointing * remove unused compute buffer 3 * add and use function ggml_build_backward_expand to avoid stack overflows with large maximum number of nodes GGML_API void ggml_build_backward_expand(struct ggml_context * ctx, struct ggml_cgraph * gf, struct ggml_cgraph * gb, bool keep); * change AdamW decay parameter to work like the torch AdamW decay parameter It is now relative to Adam learning rate `alpha*sched`. Before that it was relative to `sched` only. `alpha` being the maximum learning rate and `sched` being a scaling parameter in [0..1] * change default AdamW weight decay parameter used in training to 0.1 as used in nanoGPT * change default AdamW weight decay parameter defined in ggml to 0.0, making Adam default instead of AdamW btw: the default weight decay parameter for torch.optim.AdamW is 0.01 * bug fixes for cross entropy loss ggml_cross_entropy_loss: sums where not correctly added in workload of each thread ggml_cross_entropy_loss_back: simplify backward process, reducing numerical issues guard usage of exp f16 lookup in cross entropy by #define GGML_CROSS_ENTROPY_EXP_FP16 cross entropy loss is only used once during training, but it is quite sensitive to numerical errors introduced by exp-f16-lookup. so exp-f16-lookup for cross entropy loss is disabled by default, trading better gradients for very slightly worse runtime performance. * fix test-grad0 for cross_entropy_loss the second argument to cross_entropy_loss must sum up to 1 for each row * fix test-grad0 for soft_max dont use only sum as aggregation, because sum of softmax is always 1 -> finite differences should not work instead use sum(log(soft_max()*(1-eps)+eps)); use eps to avoid log(0) * improve finite differences of test-grad0 by using double instead of float * change cross_entropy_loss to output average over all rows this helps keeping the loss and gradients in a sane range * improve gradient checkpointing sqrt(n_layers) is only the best checkpoint step when mem size of checkpoints and mem size of layers are equal. since layers require more memory than the single-tensor-checkpoint we use, the optimal values are compute different: ``` given: n, u, v objective: minimize(a*u+b*v) where a*b=n, a>0, b>0 b=n/a minimize(a*u+v*n/a) diff(a*u+v*n/a, a) = u - (v*n/a)/a diff(a*u+v*n/a, a) == 0 u - (v*n/a)/a == 0 u == v*n/(a*a) u*a*a = v*n a*a = v*n/u a = sqrt(n*v/u) ``` this change results in more checkpoints, requiring less layers to store between checkpoints, overall improving memory usage. * disable gradient checkpointing debug output * llama : fix rope usage in train-text-from-scratch after ChatGLM change * add more training parameters: --enable-restart N Only for Adam optimizer. Enable restarts of cos-decay --disable-restart N Only for Adam optimizer. Disable restarts of cos-decay --opt-past N Number of optimization iterations to track for delta convergence test. Disabled when zero. --opt-delta N Maximum delta for delta convergence test. Disabled when <= zero. --opt-max-no-improvement N Maximum number of optimization iterations with no improvement. Disabled when <= zero. --adam-epsf N AdamW epsilon for convergence test. Disabled when <= zero. --adam-min-alpha N Adam minimum learning rate alpha, usually 0.1 * alpha * replace memcpy with reshape operation so that the graph is not cut at the input this makes it possible to store other values into the input tensor and then simply recompute the graph without rebuilding it * remove unused function argument from get_example_targets_batch * measure and print total training time * add optimization callback to ggml_opt_resume_g this callback is called before each iteration with custom data and pointer to learning schedule parameter (only used in Adam(W)). can be used for dynamic learning schedule and setting input data for batches before each iteration * use optimization callback in training allows dynamic learning schedule and different batch data for each iteration without relying on low n_iter and high n_examples parameters reduces runtime by avoiding restart of optimization function and improves training convergence by providing a different batch for each iteration * add minimum number of tensor dimensions to apply weight decay (default 2) this allows to not apply weight decay to bias parameters * rename training parameter cos-decay-alpha to cos-decay-min and clarify that adam-min-alpha also applies to warmup * fix increase of model.train_samples and model.train_tokens now that each optimizer iteration gets its own batch we need to multiply by number of opt iterations * change sampling parameters for prediction after training to defaults of common.h and clarify what is context for prediction and what are generated tokens * tighten abs error bounds for cross_entropy_loss in test-grad0 * add conditional compilation of using F16 exp in flash attention uncomment `// #define GGML_FLASH_ATTN_EXP_FP16` to enable usage of f16 exp in flash attention * tighten abs error bounds for flash_attn in test-grad0 * tighten abs error bounds for sqrt in test-grad0 * remove out-commented vectorized code of opt_adam the vectorized code might be bit faster for low number of parameters, but it had a big memory usage overhead * ggml : update ggml_rms_norm_back with configurable eps * llama training : fix ggml_rms_norm_back calls to pass configurable eps * remove trailing whitespace * add train function using automatic gradient checkpointing backward pass and allocator * in train function replace add_inplace by regular add because using add_inplace seems to result in different gradients * don't use allocate hash_map on context because the context has no_alloc=True when using memory allocator resulting in NULL data pointers * correctly clone reshape and permute operations by also cloning tensor->nb values * fix variable name and add missing type cast * terminate recursive tensor cloning when reaching tensor without src tensors * correctly clone view tensors by setting data pointers without this the checkpointing would only work when being used together with memory allocator * fix variable names * swap arguments to commutative ops to be the same as in `forward_batch_wo_cache_flash_attn` * add input tensors as checkpoints so that recursive tensor cloning of gradient checkpointing terminates on input tensors * fix variable name and add missing boolean negation * make sure some tensors are not reallocated by inserting new temporary nodes depending on them: output and parameter gradient tensors need to be available at the end of the graph execution parameter gradient tensors also need to be available before the graph execution because they are set to zero before each optimizer iteration checkpoint tensors are allocated all together to reduce memory allocator fragmentation afterwards, in addition to the temporary nodes, we also need to reset the temporary leafs * fix ASSERT to work with zero layers * add training options whether to use allocator and/or unified training function * integrate unified training function which may use memory allocator the unified training function also supports arguments whether to use flash attention and/or gradient checkpointing * format name of cloned tensors with " (clone)" suffix * set names for tensors in unified train function for easier debugging * allocate graph on context using ggml_new_graph * remove handwritten training functions * remove unused training parameters "use_scratch" and "use_unified" * remove trailing whitespace * remove unused train params: mem_compute1_gb & mem_compute2_gb mem_compute_gb is used for compute when automatic memory allocator is not enabled, otherwise it can be very small to only hold the tensor definitions mem_compute0_gb is used for automatic memory allocator (as long as measurement of max required size is not implemented) * remove unused forward_batch function * add debug asserts in ggml_allocr_alloc to some common pitfalls when using this function directly * only use ggml_allocr_alloc when tensor has NULL data and is no view * fix test when to create temporary backward graph temporary backward graph is only necessary when using checkpointing * fix memory "leak" in optimizers each iteration a new cplan with new memory for work data was allocated. now cplan creation only happens at the start of optimization, with each iteration reusing the cplan and its work data. * reverse order of for loop in ggml_build_backward_expand to save memory when using gradient checkpointing and allocator with this loop order gradient checkpointing with allocator on 16 layer model saves 13% memory; 2 layer memory it saves 2% memory. the computation results are the same * add missing lctx argument to get_example_targets_batch * implement llama model file saving using gguf checkpoint loading and saving disabled, to be replaced by loading and saving via gguf * implement loading/saving of checkpointing files using GGUF * bug fixes * add checkpoint file version for future compatibility * update readme with gguf filenames * save & load opt->just_initialized value * add first draft for checkpoint conversion script * add gguf arch and ftype * save opt parameter counter as uint64 * add gguf key and tensor names for optimizer and training * add layer_norm_rms_eps to checkpoint convert script * use same GGUF_GET_KEY macro as in llama.cpp * use norm_rms_eps, and rope parameters and command line options to set them * fix memory corruption bug in gguf ctx->kv and ctx->infos was reallocated using not-aligned realloc, but freed with aligned free. to fix this a GGML_ALIGNED_REALLOC was added, but there is no posix_memalign_realloc function. so on non-windows and non-mingw32 platforms we fall back to aligned malloc, followed by copying and freeing the old data. * add gguf example cmake file * bug fixes in tokenize_file * bug fixes in load_llama_model_gguf * bug fix: init model when no checkpoint was loaded * bug fix in read_tensor_by_name * bug fix in load_opt_context_gguf * avoid printing lots of spaced on the unusual case that loss gets nan * set name of tensors with empty name from what was read from gguf * remove trailing whitespace * print data checksums before saving and after loading to verify correctness * bug fixes for convert-train-checkpoint-to-gguf * temporarily add code to write old checkpoint files used to verify that old checkpoint files are correctly converted to gguf * bug fixes for convert-train-checkpoint-to-gguf.py loading checkpoints with opt_version=0 * remove code used to verify correctness of checkpoint file conversion * remove trailing whitespace * remove prediction related code use main for prediction, it is better optimized * update train-text-from-scratch README.md * fix non-windows GGML_ALIGNED_REALLOC * add missing blank line at end of file * remove GGML_ALIGNED_REALLOC and use normal malloc/realloc/free for gguf ctx->kv & ctx->infos * train : fix compile warnings --------- Co-authored-by: Georgi Gerganov <ggerganov@gmail.com>
2023-08-28 19:51:47 +00:00
-t 6 -b 16 --seed 1 --adam-iter 256 \
--no-checkpointing
train : improved training-from-scratch example (#1652) * add python wrapper https://gist.github.com/abetlen/2b90e5f153f6efd00931d098de5c73ce * fix decoding error. adds errors=ignore parameter * add python bindings for functions to get and set the whole llama state (rng, logits, embedding and kv_cache) * update python bindings * add text generating baby-llama from scratch example * fix race condition bug in ggml_compute_forward_diag_mask_f32 * implement ggml_soft_max_back for more performant backward pass of soft_max avoids creating big intermediate matrices of size n_embd x n_embd for llama layers and n_vocab x n_vocab for cross entropy loss * improve softmax backward pass go from quadratic runtime to linear runtime by simplifying the formulas * fix race condition bug in non-inplace ggml_compute_forward_diag_mask_f32 memcpy needs to be synchronized across threads to avoid race conditions. => do it in INIT phase * fix bug in ggml_compute_forward_soft_max_back_f32 on DEBUG build * improve performance of mul_mat backward pass avoid transpose by using mul_mat with swapped arguments * avoid printing too much newlines in baby-llama-text * activate threading in baby-llama-text * add ggml_out_prod and use it for mul_mat backward pass for improved performance performance stats report improvement from 37 seconds to 16 seconds runtime during my training tests * better weight initialization improves training convergence at start * better weight initialization improves training convergence at start * improve ggml_out_prod performance - change iteration order (>15s -> 10s runtime) - parallelize over one more dimension: over dst matrix rows (10s -> <5s runtime) * add llama sampler, shuffle samples and constrain sampling to tokens occurring in train data * fix get_samples call, add model tensor names, increase model size, start training samples after newline * save train trained model to checkpoint and load model to be trained from checkpoint * use inplace functions where possible * initialize rng with srand * use different arguments for input and output checkpoint * ggml fixes to support backward pass on inplace operations * remove duplicate include * fix cross entropy loss - add target probabilities for each sample which is then used in cross entropy loss * print used memory before and after optimization * sample with non-greedy sampling parameters at the end of training * add cmake target for baby-llama-text * add ggml_add1_inplace to header * enable gradient propagation for inplace add1 and scale operations those functions backward passes don't need the original src0, so they also work when forward is inplace * implement AdamW in ggml_opt_adam by adding weight decay parameter (default 0.001f) also add a schedule parameter (default 1.0f) that can be used to scale alpha and decay according to learning schedule. setting the decay parameter to zero disables AdamW resulting in normal Adam optimizer. since the difference between Adam and AdamW is minimal it is not implemented as another optimizer, but integrated into the existing Adam optimizer. * use inplace operations in cross_entropy_loss * fix random weight initialization scale * add missing default parameters for adam optimizer * add ggml_opt_context, so that we can properly resume training otherwise the optimizer states, tracking statistics about the error function and its derivates, will reset to zero each time ggml_opt is called, hindering convergence on resumed training. now the optimizer context and all its memory is stored in a separate struct. * fix bug in llama_sample_token_mirostat_v2 when all candidates are filtered out through mu threshold, the following soft_max operation will fail. so keep at least one. * add forward function without using cache, for more performant training during training on whole samples no cache is required. removing the cache and simplifying the remaining code results in performance and memory usage improvement. * print suppressed newline tokens as string "\n" printing too much actual newlines is suppressed to avoid flooding the console. * store optimizer state in training checkpoint and add learning schedule persistent optimizer state allows to resume training without resetting the optimizer learning schedule consists of linear warmup ramp followed by cosine decay with restarts * remove unused functions * fix bug in get_samples which corrupted training targets * save checkpoint only when it was trained * simplify code * remove trailing whitespace * simplify backward pass for SQRT * replace inefficient repeat backward pass with dedicated repeat_back operation * add ggml_cross_entropy_loss with backward pass for faster training cross entropy loss can also be implemented using softmax and log, but as dedicated operation it is faster and especially avoids unnecessary memory overhead. * add tests for cross_entropy_loss backward pass finite differences regularly results in estimated gradient of zero, despite the backward pass giving non zero gradient. _probably_ the finite differences fails due to numerical issues * use ggml_cross_entropy_loss in text training example * remove trailing whitespace * slightly improve how cross entropy loss is compute btw: directly implemented cross entropy loss seems to have way lower magnitudes than when implemented with softmax and log. probably the input to log gets closer to zero due to float numerics. maybe the multiplication by (1.0-eps)/sum is more accurate.. * add llama_get_vocab to get the vocabulary as output parameters * set default model.type for unknown models with few layers * add export of training checkpoint to llama compatible model file * get vocabulary for exporting training checkpoint to llama compatible model file * implement backward pass of flash attention * bugfixes for backward pass of flash attention * test flash attention backward pass need to set loose error bounds to pass. the finitie differences are close to numeric limits and often return quite different values than the backward pass. reducing eps further lets the gradients vanish completely. likewise setting eps to big results in wronger values. the softmax in the middle of the function is probably the most responsible for the numeric issues using finite differences. * add option to train with flash attention and move options to the top of the main function training from scratch also works with flash attention training convergence and generation results after fix number of iterations are worse than when not using flash attention. maybe there still lingers a bug in the flash attention backward pass? but training works, just with slower convergence. flash attention is still worth to use, because it requires way less memory and is faster with high n_ctx * add train_params and command line option parser * remove unnecessary comments * add train params to specify memory size * remove python bindings * rename baby-llama-text to train-text-from-scratch * replace auto parameters in lambda function * add #include <climits> * add explicit cast to fix compile error "error: non-constant-expression cannot be narrowed from type 'int64_t' (aka 'long long') to 'uint32_t' (aka 'unsigned int') in initializer list [-Wc++11-narrowing]" * remove trailing whitespace * add ggml_opt_resume_g which accepts forward and backward cgraphs * fix formulas in comments * bug fix for ggml_compute_forward_get_rows_back_f32 the result should be set to zero, not to whatever data is in opt0 * improve training memory usage with scratch buffers instead of relying on the automatic backward pass, we manually create the graph for the backward pass. it turns out that all backward pass operations need only temporary memory which can be reused after each layer. will compute backward pass for ALL model parameters * add option to use scratch buffers in training or not make it configurable because currently training with scratch buffers implies flash attention and optimization over all parameters. * ci : disable temporary * store view offset and permute axes in opt[0] instead of storing it in padding use memcpy to store offset, because offset is of type size_t. when storing it as int32_t offset would have to be smaller than 2^31 which is not necessarily true. * minor : fix compile warnings + minor style changes * fix bug in threaded indices calculation of ggml_compute_forward_flash_attn_back_f32 * store view offset like in master branch * bug fix in forward_batch_wo_cache_flash_attn_train * scratch buffer bug fixes in forward_batch_wo_cache_flash_attn_train data of permute and reshape is the same as their input. if we want to preserve the output of permute/reshape, we also need to preserve their inputs. replace reshape(src0, src1) with reshape_nd calls so that we don't need src1. replace (temporary) t03 with ggml_repeat(ctx0, layer.attention_norm, t02). in the future we could also use the new broadcasting ggml_mul to avoid these repeat calls. for this we need backward pass of broadcasting ggml_mul. * remove unnecessary scratch buffer 0 buf 0 is persistent memory, so we can just disable scratch for this by using buf -1 * avoid creating unnecessary grad tensors previously we need to create grads for model parameters, so that expand(..) correctly populates cgraph->leafs & cgraph->grads this wasted memory, because unnecessary grad for each op were automatically created: the automatically generated grad was unnecessary because we later manually set the grad (e.g. t35->grad = expand(gb, ...) ). this discarded the automatically generated grad resulting in wasted memory. improved this by changing expand(..) to not use ggml_build_forward_expand. expand set cgraph->nodes but not the leafs. cgraph->leafs & cgraph->grads are set in another pass after the last expand call. * print used training seed * zero initialize gfbuf and gbbuf * ci : re-enable workflows + add README for training --------- Co-authored-by: Georgi Gerganov <ggerganov@gmail.com>
2023-06-13 19:04:40 +00:00
# predict
main: update refs -> llama fix examples/main ref
2024-06-06 14:44:05 +00:00
./bin/llama -m ggml-shakespeare-256x16-f32.gguf
train : improved training-from-scratch example (#1652) * add python wrapper https://gist.github.com/abetlen/2b90e5f153f6efd00931d098de5c73ce * fix decoding error. adds errors=ignore parameter * add python bindings for functions to get and set the whole llama state (rng, logits, embedding and kv_cache) * update python bindings * add text generating baby-llama from scratch example * fix race condition bug in ggml_compute_forward_diag_mask_f32 * implement ggml_soft_max_back for more performant backward pass of soft_max avoids creating big intermediate matrices of size n_embd x n_embd for llama layers and n_vocab x n_vocab for cross entropy loss * improve softmax backward pass go from quadratic runtime to linear runtime by simplifying the formulas * fix race condition bug in non-inplace ggml_compute_forward_diag_mask_f32 memcpy needs to be synchronized across threads to avoid race conditions. => do it in INIT phase * fix bug in ggml_compute_forward_soft_max_back_f32 on DEBUG build * improve performance of mul_mat backward pass avoid transpose by using mul_mat with swapped arguments * avoid printing too much newlines in baby-llama-text * activate threading in baby-llama-text * add ggml_out_prod and use it for mul_mat backward pass for improved performance performance stats report improvement from 37 seconds to 16 seconds runtime during my training tests * better weight initialization improves training convergence at start * better weight initialization improves training convergence at start * improve ggml_out_prod performance - change iteration order (>15s -> 10s runtime) - parallelize over one more dimension: over dst matrix rows (10s -> <5s runtime) * add llama sampler, shuffle samples and constrain sampling to tokens occurring in train data * fix get_samples call, add model tensor names, increase model size, start training samples after newline * save train trained model to checkpoint and load model to be trained from checkpoint * use inplace functions where possible * initialize rng with srand * use different arguments for input and output checkpoint * ggml fixes to support backward pass on inplace operations * remove duplicate include * fix cross entropy loss - add target probabilities for each sample which is then used in cross entropy loss * print used memory before and after optimization * sample with non-greedy sampling parameters at the end of training * add cmake target for baby-llama-text * add ggml_add1_inplace to header * enable gradient propagation for inplace add1 and scale operations those functions backward passes don't need the original src0, so they also work when forward is inplace * implement AdamW in ggml_opt_adam by adding weight decay parameter (default 0.001f) also add a schedule parameter (default 1.0f) that can be used to scale alpha and decay according to learning schedule. setting the decay parameter to zero disables AdamW resulting in normal Adam optimizer. since the difference between Adam and AdamW is minimal it is not implemented as another optimizer, but integrated into the existing Adam optimizer. * use inplace operations in cross_entropy_loss * fix random weight initialization scale * add missing default parameters for adam optimizer * add ggml_opt_context, so that we can properly resume training otherwise the optimizer states, tracking statistics about the error function and its derivates, will reset to zero each time ggml_opt is called, hindering convergence on resumed training. now the optimizer context and all its memory is stored in a separate struct. * fix bug in llama_sample_token_mirostat_v2 when all candidates are filtered out through mu threshold, the following soft_max operation will fail. so keep at least one. * add forward function without using cache, for more performant training during training on whole samples no cache is required. removing the cache and simplifying the remaining code results in performance and memory usage improvement. * print suppressed newline tokens as string "\n" printing too much actual newlines is suppressed to avoid flooding the console. * store optimizer state in training checkpoint and add learning schedule persistent optimizer state allows to resume training without resetting the optimizer learning schedule consists of linear warmup ramp followed by cosine decay with restarts * remove unused functions * fix bug in get_samples which corrupted training targets * save checkpoint only when it was trained * simplify code * remove trailing whitespace * simplify backward pass for SQRT * replace inefficient repeat backward pass with dedicated repeat_back operation * add ggml_cross_entropy_loss with backward pass for faster training cross entropy loss can also be implemented using softmax and log, but as dedicated operation it is faster and especially avoids unnecessary memory overhead. * add tests for cross_entropy_loss backward pass finite differences regularly results in estimated gradient of zero, despite the backward pass giving non zero gradient. _probably_ the finite differences fails due to numerical issues * use ggml_cross_entropy_loss in text training example * remove trailing whitespace * slightly improve how cross entropy loss is compute btw: directly implemented cross entropy loss seems to have way lower magnitudes than when implemented with softmax and log. probably the input to log gets closer to zero due to float numerics. maybe the multiplication by (1.0-eps)/sum is more accurate.. * add llama_get_vocab to get the vocabulary as output parameters * set default model.type for unknown models with few layers * add export of training checkpoint to llama compatible model file * get vocabulary for exporting training checkpoint to llama compatible model file * implement backward pass of flash attention * bugfixes for backward pass of flash attention * test flash attention backward pass need to set loose error bounds to pass. the finitie differences are close to numeric limits and often return quite different values than the backward pass. reducing eps further lets the gradients vanish completely. likewise setting eps to big results in wronger values. the softmax in the middle of the function is probably the most responsible for the numeric issues using finite differences. * add option to train with flash attention and move options to the top of the main function training from scratch also works with flash attention training convergence and generation results after fix number of iterations are worse than when not using flash attention. maybe there still lingers a bug in the flash attention backward pass? but training works, just with slower convergence. flash attention is still worth to use, because it requires way less memory and is faster with high n_ctx * add train_params and command line option parser * remove unnecessary comments * add train params to specify memory size * remove python bindings * rename baby-llama-text to train-text-from-scratch * replace auto parameters in lambda function * add #include <climits> * add explicit cast to fix compile error "error: non-constant-expression cannot be narrowed from type 'int64_t' (aka 'long long') to 'uint32_t' (aka 'unsigned int') in initializer list [-Wc++11-narrowing]" * remove trailing whitespace * add ggml_opt_resume_g which accepts forward and backward cgraphs * fix formulas in comments * bug fix for ggml_compute_forward_get_rows_back_f32 the result should be set to zero, not to whatever data is in opt0 * improve training memory usage with scratch buffers instead of relying on the automatic backward pass, we manually create the graph for the backward pass. it turns out that all backward pass operations need only temporary memory which can be reused after each layer. will compute backward pass for ALL model parameters * add option to use scratch buffers in training or not make it configurable because currently training with scratch buffers implies flash attention and optimization over all parameters. * ci : disable temporary * store view offset and permute axes in opt[0] instead of storing it in padding use memcpy to store offset, because offset is of type size_t. when storing it as int32_t offset would have to be smaller than 2^31 which is not necessarily true. * minor : fix compile warnings + minor style changes * fix bug in threaded indices calculation of ggml_compute_forward_flash_attn_back_f32 * store view offset like in master branch * bug fix in forward_batch_wo_cache_flash_attn_train * scratch buffer bug fixes in forward_batch_wo_cache_flash_attn_train data of permute and reshape is the same as their input. if we want to preserve the output of permute/reshape, we also need to preserve their inputs. replace reshape(src0, src1) with reshape_nd calls so that we don't need src1. replace (temporary) t03 with ggml_repeat(ctx0, layer.attention_norm, t02). in the future we could also use the new broadcasting ggml_mul to avoid these repeat calls. for this we need backward pass of broadcasting ggml_mul. * remove unnecessary scratch buffer 0 buf 0 is persistent memory, so we can just disable scratch for this by using buf -1 * avoid creating unnecessary grad tensors previously we need to create grads for model parameters, so that expand(..) correctly populates cgraph->leafs & cgraph->grads this wasted memory, because unnecessary grad for each op were automatically created: the automatically generated grad was unnecessary because we later manually set the grad (e.g. t35->grad = expand(gb, ...) ). this discarded the automatically generated grad resulting in wasted memory. improved this by changing expand(..) to not use ggml_build_forward_expand. expand set cgraph->nodes but not the leafs. cgraph->leafs & cgraph->grads are set in another pass after the last expand call. * print used training seed * zero initialize gfbuf and gbbuf * ci : re-enable workflows + add README for training --------- Co-authored-by: Georgi Gerganov <ggerganov@gmail.com>
2023-06-13 19:04:40 +00:00
```
train : finetune LORA (#2632) * fix track_max_mem in forward_batch_wo_cache_flash_attn_train * remove unnecessary Adam(W) optimizer tensors. reduces optimizer memory overhead from 7*modelsize to 2*modelsize. additionally allows to optimize models with more than 2^31 parameters by replacing int with int64_t. bumps training checkpoint file version, but old checkpoints can still be read. new version with less tensors is saved. * add gradient clipping to AdamW * Fix reset of unused g->nodes and g->grads to NULL * implement gradient checkpointing for training reduces memory overhead from O(n_layer) to O(sqrt(n_layer)) as explained in readme of https://github.com/cybertronai/gradient-checkpointing * remove unused compute buffer 3 * add and use function ggml_build_backward_expand to avoid stack overflows with large maximum number of nodes GGML_API void ggml_build_backward_expand(struct ggml_context * ctx, struct ggml_cgraph * gf, struct ggml_cgraph * gb, bool keep); * change AdamW decay parameter to work like the torch AdamW decay parameter It is now relative to Adam learning rate `alpha*sched`. Before that it was relative to `sched` only. `alpha` being the maximum learning rate and `sched` being a scaling parameter in [0..1] * change default AdamW weight decay parameter used in training to 0.1 as used in nanoGPT * change default AdamW weight decay parameter defined in ggml to 0.0, making Adam default instead of AdamW btw: the default weight decay parameter for torch.optim.AdamW is 0.01 * bug fixes for cross entropy loss ggml_cross_entropy_loss: sums where not correctly added in workload of each thread ggml_cross_entropy_loss_back: simplify backward process, reducing numerical issues guard usage of exp f16 lookup in cross entropy by #define GGML_CROSS_ENTROPY_EXP_FP16 cross entropy loss is only used once during training, but it is quite sensitive to numerical errors introduced by exp-f16-lookup. so exp-f16-lookup for cross entropy loss is disabled by default, trading better gradients for very slightly worse runtime performance. * fix test-grad0 for cross_entropy_loss the second argument to cross_entropy_loss must sum up to 1 for each row * fix test-grad0 for soft_max dont use only sum as aggregation, because sum of softmax is always 1 -> finite differences should not work instead use sum(log(soft_max()*(1-eps)+eps)); use eps to avoid log(0) * improve finite differences of test-grad0 by using double instead of float * change cross_entropy_loss to output average over all rows this helps keeping the loss and gradients in a sane range * improve gradient checkpointing sqrt(n_layers) is only the best checkpoint step when mem size of checkpoints and mem size of layers are equal. since layers require more memory than the single-tensor-checkpoint we use, the optimal values are compute different: ``` given: n, u, v objective: minimize(a*u+b*v) where a*b=n, a>0, b>0 b=n/a minimize(a*u+v*n/a) diff(a*u+v*n/a, a) = u - (v*n/a)/a diff(a*u+v*n/a, a) == 0 u - (v*n/a)/a == 0 u == v*n/(a*a) u*a*a = v*n a*a = v*n/u a = sqrt(n*v/u) ``` this change results in more checkpoints, requiring less layers to store between checkpoints, overall improving memory usage. * disable gradient checkpointing debug output * llama : fix rope usage in train-text-from-scratch after ChatGLM change * add more training parameters: --enable-restart N Only for Adam optimizer. Enable restarts of cos-decay --disable-restart N Only for Adam optimizer. Disable restarts of cos-decay --opt-past N Number of optimization iterations to track for delta convergence test. Disabled when zero. --opt-delta N Maximum delta for delta convergence test. Disabled when <= zero. --opt-max-no-improvement N Maximum number of optimization iterations with no improvement. Disabled when <= zero. --adam-epsf N AdamW epsilon for convergence test. Disabled when <= zero. --adam-min-alpha N Adam minimum learning rate alpha, usually 0.1 * alpha * replace memcpy with reshape operation so that the graph is not cut at the input this makes it possible to store other values into the input tensor and then simply recompute the graph without rebuilding it * remove unused function argument from get_example_targets_batch * measure and print total training time * add optimization callback to ggml_opt_resume_g this callback is called before each iteration with custom data and pointer to learning schedule parameter (only used in Adam(W)). can be used for dynamic learning schedule and setting input data for batches before each iteration * use optimization callback in training allows dynamic learning schedule and different batch data for each iteration without relying on low n_iter and high n_examples parameters reduces runtime by avoiding restart of optimization function and improves training convergence by providing a different batch for each iteration * add minimum number of tensor dimensions to apply weight decay (default 2) this allows to not apply weight decay to bias parameters * rename training parameter cos-decay-alpha to cos-decay-min and clarify that adam-min-alpha also applies to warmup * fix increase of model.train_samples and model.train_tokens now that each optimizer iteration gets its own batch we need to multiply by number of opt iterations * change sampling parameters for prediction after training to defaults of common.h and clarify what is context for prediction and what are generated tokens * tighten abs error bounds for cross_entropy_loss in test-grad0 * add conditional compilation of using F16 exp in flash attention uncomment `// #define GGML_FLASH_ATTN_EXP_FP16` to enable usage of f16 exp in flash attention * tighten abs error bounds for flash_attn in test-grad0 * tighten abs error bounds for sqrt in test-grad0 * remove out-commented vectorized code of opt_adam the vectorized code might be bit faster for low number of parameters, but it had a big memory usage overhead * ggml : update ggml_rms_norm_back with configurable eps * llama training : fix ggml_rms_norm_back calls to pass configurable eps * remove trailing whitespace * add train function using automatic gradient checkpointing backward pass and allocator * in train function replace add_inplace by regular add because using add_inplace seems to result in different gradients * don't use allocate hash_map on context because the context has no_alloc=True when using memory allocator resulting in NULL data pointers * correctly clone reshape and permute operations by also cloning tensor->nb values * fix variable name and add missing type cast * terminate recursive tensor cloning when reaching tensor without src tensors * correctly clone view tensors by setting data pointers without this the checkpointing would only work when being used together with memory allocator * fix variable names * swap arguments to commutative ops to be the same as in `forward_batch_wo_cache_flash_attn` * add input tensors as checkpoints so that recursive tensor cloning of gradient checkpointing terminates on input tensors * fix variable name and add missing boolean negation * make sure some tensors are not reallocated by inserting new temporary nodes depending on them: output and parameter gradient tensors need to be available at the end of the graph execution parameter gradient tensors also need to be available before the graph execution because they are set to zero before each optimizer iteration checkpoint tensors are allocated all together to reduce memory allocator fragmentation afterwards, in addition to the temporary nodes, we also need to reset the temporary leafs * fix ASSERT to work with zero layers * add training options whether to use allocator and/or unified training function * integrate unified training function which may use memory allocator the unified training function also supports arguments whether to use flash attention and/or gradient checkpointing * format name of cloned tensors with " (clone)" suffix * set names for tensors in unified train function for easier debugging * allocate graph on context using ggml_new_graph * remove handwritten training functions * remove unused training parameters "use_scratch" and "use_unified" * remove trailing whitespace * remove unused train params: mem_compute1_gb & mem_compute2_gb mem_compute_gb is used for compute when automatic memory allocator is not enabled, otherwise it can be very small to only hold the tensor definitions mem_compute0_gb is used for automatic memory allocator (as long as measurement of max required size is not implemented) * remove unused forward_batch function * add debug asserts in ggml_allocr_alloc to some common pitfalls when using this function directly * only use ggml_allocr_alloc when tensor has NULL data and is no view * fix test when to create temporary backward graph temporary backward graph is only necessary when using checkpointing * fix memory "leak" in optimizers each iteration a new cplan with new memory for work data was allocated. now cplan creation only happens at the start of optimization, with each iteration reusing the cplan and its work data. * reverse order of for loop in ggml_build_backward_expand to save memory when using gradient checkpointing and allocator with this loop order gradient checkpointing with allocator on 16 layer model saves 13% memory; 2 layer memory it saves 2% memory. the computation results are the same * add API functions to access llama model tensors * add stub example for finetuning, based on train-text-from-scratch * move and remove code * add API functions to access remaining model parameters: mult, head and rot * first draft for LORA finetune training * remove const model and layer arguments in API functions for accessing model tensors * bug fixes to make finetune compile automatic allocator does not work yet * add debug prints for training memory improvements * fix names of lora tensors * avoid stack overflow resulting from big ggml_cgraph replace stack allocation and ggml_build_forward by ggml_new_graph in combination with ggml_build_forward_expand * replace llama API functions to get model tensors by one function to get model tensor by name LLAMA_API struct ggml_tensor * llama_get_model_tensor(struct llama_model * model, const char * name); * remove unused call to not existing llama_get_layer_from_model * implement ggml_compute_forward_out_prod_q_f32 * remove trailing whitespace * add lora finetune support on quantized base model tensors * add ggml_add_cast API function this function works like ggml_add, but accepts a data type for the resulting tensor. only supported for quantized src0 input. * use ggml_add_cast in finetuning lora-applied weights will now have data type F32, which improves gradients when finetuning quantized base models * bug fix: actually use result type passed to ggml_add_cast * make sure base model tensors data cannot be used in viewable operations memory allocator would try to make lora application inplace on base model tensors. since those are memory mapped this will result in memory access violations * fix bug in ggml_out_prod which resulted in wrong n_dims of result tensors * avoid keeping in memory ALL of the gradients The problem here stems from ggml_graph_reset. This function is called in the optimization function, before each graph computation, to reset the gradients to zero. This required a unique memory slot for each gradient: allocating memory from a previosly freed memory location might lead to non-zero input gradients. During ggml_compute_backward the gradients are build stepwise by adding or substracting new values, starting from a OP_NONE tensor which needs to contain zero-values. This requires the graph reset. To avoid this I now remember in ggml_build_backward_expand the original OP_NONE gradient tensors in a hash table, which is passed to ggml_compute_backward. There instead of using add (or sub or similar) I test whether the existing gradient to be changed is a zero-valued-tensor by looking up its existence in the hash table. When it is such a zero-tensor it will not be modified, but replaced by the value to be added, otherwise the regular add (not inplace, allocator will take care of this) will be used. This way none of those zero-tensor values will be necessary in the final backward graph and more importantly they won't need a unique memory slot, just to make them zero. * remove trailing whitespace * remove debug prints and function to compute tensor data hash * improve optimization iteration prints * adjust maximal values to support finetuning 3B models * change default finetune params lora_r and lora_alpha to match the n_rank parameters of 4 * bug fix: make sure finetune input gradient is allocated at begin and kept until end * remove unnecessary src tensor from ggml_get_rows_back we don't need data of src[2] for computation, only to setup the correct output shape. remove dependency on src[2], so that allocator can work more freely. the computational graph is still completely determined, because the output shape is naturally included. this is similar to how ggml_reshape does it. * remove unnecessary src tensor from ggml_repeat & ggml_repeat_back we don't need data of src[1] for computation, only to setup the correct output shape. remove dependency on src[1], so that allocator can work more freely. the computational graph is still completely determined, because the output shape is naturally included * resolve todo allocator will only make it inplace when they are of the same type * mixing multiple LORA adapters is now possible pass more than one '--lora FNAME' argument to apply more than one LORA. use '--lora-scaled FNAME S' when you want to specify a user-defined scale for an adapter. * add option to save finetune output every N iterations * also save latest finetune output with ITERATION="LATEST" and print where files are saved saving with LATEST makes it easier to resume training from the latest checkpoint the string "LATEST" can be configured with command line option "--fn-latest STR" * update checkpoint train stats before saving via "--save-every" * add command line option `--rank-wo N` for rank of wo tensor * update finetune README * fix dump_non_result_info_yaml to output multiple lora adapters * bug fix: replace GGML_TYPE_SIZE[t] by ggml_type_size(t) * replace llama_n_mult by llama_n_ff * finetune bug fixes to compile with merged in code from master * remove prediction related code to reduce duplicated code with main use main instead * reduce large memory overhead in train-text-from-scratch all gradients had to be pinned so that graph_reset works correctly. this is no longer necessary with the changes to ggml_compute_backward introduced in this PR. * add comment explaining why finetune checkpoints are allocated in one block * make default value of float member a float literal * handle rms_norm and rope parameters the same as in train-text-from-scratch * remove unused code * remove vocab related code as it is unnecessary * add LLM_KV_TRAINING_TYPE to train-text-from-scratch checkpoints so that they can be differentiated from lora finetune checkpoints * add gguf constants and load/save functions from train-text-from-scratch * add load & save lora finetune checkpoints via gguf * add python script to convert old finetune checkpoint files to gguf * remove old checkpoint save & load code * remove code to print data checksums which was used to verify correctness of new gguf code * omit tokenization when training is disabled, only save llama lora adapter training can be disabled by passing '-n 0' to finetune * remove trailing whitespace * update README.md * implement ggml_compute_forward_repeat_f16 * avoid stack overflow of large cgraphs in test-grad0 * add ggml API functions ggml_unravel_index, ggml_get_i32_nd and its analogs for set and for f32 ggml_get_i32_1d, ggml_set_i32_1d, ggml_get_f32_1d, ggml_set_f32_1d now support non-contiguous tensors. in case of non-contiguous tensor, the 1d index is unraveled into a multi index using ggml_unravel_index to be passed to '_nd' function equivalent. this fixes a bug in test-grad0 which happens due to ggml_build_backward not building purely contiguous tensors anymore * increase test-grad0 context mem size to accommodate for bigger cgraph * add sanity check to ggml_compute_backward, asserting the correct shape of gradients * fix ggml_acc_or_set to return tensor of correct shape * remove unused 'inplace' argument from ggml_compute_backward function inplace operations to add gradients are no longer created by ggml_compute_backward use allocator to automatically make inplace operations * add missing argument 'int i0' to ggml_get_i32_nd & ggml_set_i32_nd header declarations * fix error message in ggml_allocr_alloc to display actual max_avail * fix check_gradient ggml_build_backward_expand was previously replaced by ggml_build_backward, but the assignment of forward graph to backward graph missing * use tensor->view_src instead of ggml_is_view and get_view_source * move gradient checkpointing code into ggml, new API function: // build gradient checkpointing backward graph gb for gf using provided checkpoints // gb_tmp will contain original backward graph with rewritten backward process nodes, // but without the second forward pass nodes. GGML_API void ggml_build_backward_gradient_checkpointing( struct ggml_context * ctx, struct ggml_cgraph * gf, struct ggml_cgraph * gb, struct ggml_cgraph * gb_tmp, struct ggml_tensor * * checkpoints, int n_checkpoints); * replace custom data getters and setters by ggml functions * train-text-from-scratch can train (full finetune) gguf models just pass the gguf model via `--checkpoint-in FN`. after this, to continue training, pass the generated checkpoint instead of the original gguf model. tested with smaller models, bigger models may exceed available memory. use (LORA) finetune for those. * remove trailing whitespace * add option to save train-text-from-scratch output every N iterations * update README.md * fix warnings * fix warnings * remove finetune option to disable allocator the allocator should always be used. by making sure that it is always used it gets easier to implement automatic memory requirements computation * add tensor checkpoints only when gradient checkpointing is enabled * initialize opt ggml context if none was provided * add ggml-alloc API function 'ggml_allocr_max_size' to get max size of alloc GGML_API size_t ggml_allocr_max_size(struct ggml_allocr * alloc); * finetune: automatically allocate all memory and changes to command line options remove '--n_examples N' parameter, as it no longer makes sense to call optimization process multiple times in a loop. add '--only_write_lora' command line option: will skip tokenization and training, to only write a llama.cpp comptabile LORA adapter. remove memory buffer related command line options. improve iteration console output. * add finetune to Makefile * update README.md * print time per iteration and estimate remaining time * increase measured alloc size by tensor_alignment ggml_allocr_reset will reduce the given size by up to tensor_alignment-1 * fix README.md * add some more allocator debug prints * bug fix, probably solves the 'ggml_allocr_alloc: not enough space in the buffer' issue * revert last commit "bug fix, probably solves the 'ggml_allocr_alloc: not enough space in the buffer' issue" "alloc was freeing an externally allocated tensor, because it calculated the end of allocator memory as alloc->data + alloc->max_size instead of alloc->data + alloc->size." This is intentional to reduce the risk of freeing external tensors when measuring. Unless max_size is not properly calculated, I don't see why this is an issue. * remove unnecessary "0x" before "%p" output * move measurement memory segment to upper region of the address space * update README.md * fix printf format warnings * add missing gguf_free in load_checkpoint_lora_file * load default rms_norm and rope parameters from base model * add gradient accumulation specify number accumulation steps with '--grad-acc N'. this will simulate a bigger batch size of grad_acc*batch. * fix tracking of train_samples and train_tokens * build : fix compile warnings * ggml : fix L-BFGS linesearch loop * improve finetune time measurement fix printf warnings on system where int64_t is (long int). change time datatypes to double because values get big with long training times. exclude file saving from time measurement. converge faster to actual time per iteration by removing very small first duration before first iteration was performed. fix bug in output of total training time, the reported value was 1000 times to small. * specify default lora rank with '--lora-r N' '--lora-r N' will specify default rank for all tensors '--rank-wq N', etc. will override this default rank for specific tensor types. * fix gradient accumulation bug where the same batch was used for each microstep * fix gradient accumulation bug where the same batch was used for each microstep * support grouped-query-attention in ggml_flash_attn and ggml_flash_attn_back k and v can now be repeated in q along ne[2] in forward pass just use modulo to compute k and v indices, like ik2 = iq2 % nek2. in backard pass this won't work as easy, because multiple threads will compete to accumulate to the same k->grad[:,ik1,ik2,ik3] and v->grad[:,iv1,iv2,iv3]. so we change the parallelization over q rows to be over k rows. this ensures non-overlapping (ik2,ik3) across threads. in each thread we then iterate over the number of repetitions of k/v in q to compute iq2 as iq2 = ik2 + irep*nek2. since ne2 is not the same for q,k and v we also change how the gradients are concatenated into the result tensor. additionally the offsets of gradq, gradk and gradv in the result tensor are now memory aligned. we also simplify the compute_backward part of flash_attn to use ggml_reshape instead of switching over the number of dimensions. this needs a small change to ggml_reshape, removing the assertion of second argument to be contiguous. since only the shape (ne) of the second reshape argument is of relevance, its memory layout (nb) is irrelevant -> it can very well be non-contiguous. change test-grad0 to also test for repeated k/v in q. this changes the rng and now results in small gradient differences in softmax. these solely come from using f16 exp table lookup in forward softmax: when temporarily changing softmax to use actual exp function, the reported gradient differences go away. gradient differences coming solely from f16 table lookup are acceptable. added a note to explain this. * add llama API functions to get grouped-query-attention n_head parameter 'n_head_kv'. * fix finetune to support grouped-query-attention (using flash-attention) note: ggml changes to ggml_out_prod are necessary to support grouped-query-attention without flash-attention. * support broadcastable a in out_prod(a, b) and backward pass of broadcasting mul_mat(a, b) * test broadcasting mul_mat backward pass * decouple random number generator of each operation test when changing one test the rng of others tests is not influenced anymore * add comment briefly describing what ggml_repeat_back does * simplify broadcasting mul_mat backward using ggml_repeat_back * add cgraph evaluation order member and corresponding enum type this controls in which order ggml_build_forward visits source nodes. by default the nodes are visited left to right, i.e. src[0] first. in some cases it is beneficial for ggml-alloc to visit in a different order. two possible orders are supported: left-to-right (src[0] first) and right-to-left (src[0] last). * measure max compute size for each cgraph eval order and use best order this can bring huge memory savings: e.g. codellama-34b with n_ctx=64, n_batch=1 goes from 92927.8mb down to 4627.6 MB * remove unused command line options * add sample start patterns and options to force new or by default resume last shuffling * update shuffle rng state on reshuffle * exclude known zero values from computations in flash_attn_f32 & flash_attn_back_f32 * remove probably unnecessary exception type flags from stringstream * pass correct max number of tokens to llama_tokenize * account for possible leading whitespace that will be added by tokenizer e.g. '\t' will be tokenized by llama spm tokenizer to [29871, 12] * use unrolled vec_mad in out_prod y is vec_mad result vec. x is vec_mad input vec. v is vec_mad input scalar. ggml_vec_mad_f32_unroll will internally loop over x and v with same y. GGML_VEC_MAD_UNROLL is by default defined to 32. This value is empirical optimized using performance test runs of out-prod in openllama-3b finetune with 256 context length and batch size 1. It gives 23% performance boost for out_prod. Full measurements of out-prod runtime in ms: unroll_xv unroll_yv 1 67014.643 87826.469 2 77117.552 89077.656 4 72091.311 109121.657 8 61077.543 88678.334 16 56914.67 79514.947 24 59024.595 84350.254 28 55952.446 83368.73 32 51476.658 85177.745 36 55973.792 84659.92 40 55139.616 93844.738 48 60736.392 93330.267 64 99856.878 116994.99 Second column is when unrollying yv instead of xv * set lora_alpha to value of lora_r if it is not set via command line otherwise only changing lora_r will change scaling of lora adapter used in prediction * reshuffle original sample order instead of the previous shuffled order otherwise resumed reshuffle will not result in same sample order * block tiling for out-prod inspired by mul-mat block sizes are empirically optimized roughly doubles the flops of out-prod * exclude some more known zero values from computations in flash_attn_f32 & flash_attn_back_f32 * add static keywords * remove outcommented old code * update train-text-from-scratch with tokenization, sample selection and shuffling from finetune * remove lbfgs related train parameters * move common train functions into common/train.[h|cpp] * move train state into struct train_state * move train data saving code into callback to unify code of opt_callback train_params are still different in finetune and train-text-from-scratch, so it can't yet be moved to train.h|cpp * move common train params into common/train * move common opt_callback into common/train * fix consume_common_train_arg * save and load head_count_kv in lora checkpoints * increase train_samples by used_samples instead of number of batches on batch can contain more than one sample when option "fill_with_next_samples" is used * fix usage of llama_tokenize * remove static from process_escape since we need it exposed in header * fix code formating of long function declarations * fix condition in load_train_state_gguf * use die("msg") instead of replace GGML_ASSERT(!"msg") or throw std::runtime_error("msg") * fix saving and loading of training type * remove terminating '\0' from tokenization (llama_tokenize is now passed the string length instead of relying on terminating '\0') * fix compile warnings * fix compile warnings * use new/delete for train_state instead of malloc/free using malloc may result in seg faults when trying to assign string fields * assert that sample_count > 0, avoiding division by zero * fix frand to return value in interval [0,1) * add train option "--sample-random-offsets" Use samples beginning at random offsets. The offset is only applied to the first sample in each batch context window. Together with "--fill-with-next-samples" this may help for training endless text generation. For example given a dataset containing samples "abcd", "ABCD", "0123". With context size of 8 and options "--fill-with-next-samples", "--no-separate-with-eos", "--no-separate-with-bos", the context windows of batches could only be filled with "abcdABCD", "ABCDabcd", "0123abcd", etc. With "--sample-random-offsets" it can also be filled with "23abcdAB", "bcd0123A", etc. * deduplicate code into function * remove n_rot hparam, as it must always be hparam.n_embd_head() * align code * assert correct base model tensor shapes * move some params from lora hparams into model hparams and load model params from gguf this equalizes the model definition in finetune and text-from-scratch and removes the need for additional llama api functions to get model parameters * remove now unnecessary llama API functions to get model params that where added by this PR * train-text-from-scratch: automatically allocate model tensors, remove option '--mem-model N' * train-text-from-scratch: automatically allocate opt context * train-text-from-scratch: automatically allocate input tensors * train-text-from-scratch: automatically allocate compute memory * remove unused options and equalize train-text-from-scratch with finetune * initialize opt->loss_after with zero * add export-lora program * remove trailing whitespace * add export-lora build in Makefile * remove unused struct tensor_info from export-lora * add export-lora build dependency to llama because it depends on common, which depends on llama * update finetune README.md * cancel optimization when specified number of epochs is completed * improve handling of export-lora arguments print errors and warnings when files could not be read or created * Fix export-lora.cpp "not enough space in the context's memory pool" (#1) * Fix export-lora.cpp "not enough space in the context's memory pool" Without this patch, export-lora would sometimes error with "not enough space in the context's memory pool (needed 656784, available 656800)". * increase required context size by 5*GGML_MEM_ALIGN instead of plain 16 --------- Co-authored-by: xaedes <xaedes@gmail.com> * improve handling of not yet supported tensor types --------- Co-authored-by: Georgi Gerganov <ggerganov@gmail.com> Co-authored-by: meatbag-18a <145869052+meatbag-18a@users.noreply.github.com>
2023-09-28 18:40:11 +00:00
Output files will be saved every N iterations (config with `--save-every N`).
The pattern "ITERATION" in the output filenames will be replaced with the iteration number and "LATEST" for the latest output.
To train GGUF models just pass them to `--checkpoint-in FN`.
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