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train : improved training-from-scratch example (#1652) * add python wrapper https://gist.github.com/abetlen/2b90e5f153f6efd00931d098de5c73ce * fix decoding error. adds errors=ignore parameter * add python bindings for functions to get and set the whole llama state (rng, logits, embedding and kv_cache) * update python bindings * add text generating baby-llama from scratch example * fix race condition bug in ggml_compute_forward_diag_mask_f32 * implement ggml_soft_max_back for more performant backward pass of soft_max avoids creating big intermediate matrices of size n_embd x n_embd for llama layers and n_vocab x n_vocab for cross entropy loss * improve softmax backward pass go from quadratic runtime to linear runtime by simplifying the formulas * fix race condition bug in non-inplace ggml_compute_forward_diag_mask_f32 memcpy needs to be synchronized across threads to avoid race conditions. => do it in INIT phase * fix bug in ggml_compute_forward_soft_max_back_f32 on DEBUG build * improve performance of mul_mat backward pass avoid transpose by using mul_mat with swapped arguments * avoid printing too much newlines in baby-llama-text * activate threading in baby-llama-text * add ggml_out_prod and use it for mul_mat backward pass for improved performance performance stats report improvement from 37 seconds to 16 seconds runtime during my training tests * better weight initialization improves training convergence at start * better weight initialization improves training convergence at start * improve ggml_out_prod performance - change iteration order (>15s -> 10s runtime) - parallelize over one more dimension: over dst matrix rows (10s -> <5s runtime) * add llama sampler, shuffle samples and constrain sampling to tokens occurring in train data * fix get_samples call, add model tensor names, increase model size, start training samples after newline * save train trained model to checkpoint and load model to be trained from checkpoint * use inplace functions where possible * initialize rng with srand * use different arguments for input and output checkpoint * ggml fixes to support backward pass on inplace operations * remove duplicate include * fix cross entropy loss - add target probabilities for each sample which is then used in cross entropy loss * print used memory before and after optimization * sample with non-greedy sampling parameters at the end of training * add cmake target for baby-llama-text * add ggml_add1_inplace to header * enable gradient propagation for inplace add1 and scale operations those functions backward passes don't need the original src0, so they also work when forward is inplace * implement AdamW in ggml_opt_adam by adding weight decay parameter (default 0.001f) also add a schedule parameter (default 1.0f) that can be used to scale alpha and decay according to learning schedule. setting the decay parameter to zero disables AdamW resulting in normal Adam optimizer. since the difference between Adam and AdamW is minimal it is not implemented as another optimizer, but integrated into the existing Adam optimizer. * use inplace operations in cross_entropy_loss * fix random weight initialization scale * add missing default parameters for adam optimizer * add ggml_opt_context, so that we can properly resume training otherwise the optimizer states, tracking statistics about the error function and its derivates, will reset to zero each time ggml_opt is called, hindering convergence on resumed training. now the optimizer context and all its memory is stored in a separate struct. * fix bug in llama_sample_token_mirostat_v2 when all candidates are filtered out through mu threshold, the following soft_max operation will fail. so keep at least one. * add forward function without using cache, for more performant training during training on whole samples no cache is required. removing the cache and simplifying the remaining code results in performance and memory usage improvement. * print suppressed newline tokens as string "\n" printing too much actual newlines is suppressed to avoid flooding the console. * store optimizer state in training checkpoint and add learning schedule persistent optimizer state allows to resume training without resetting the optimizer learning schedule consists of linear warmup ramp followed by cosine decay with restarts * remove unused functions * fix bug in get_samples which corrupted training targets * save checkpoint only when it was trained * simplify code * remove trailing whitespace * simplify backward pass for SQRT * replace inefficient repeat backward pass with dedicated repeat_back operation * add ggml_cross_entropy_loss with backward pass for faster training cross entropy loss can also be implemented using softmax and log, but as dedicated operation it is faster and especially avoids unnecessary memory overhead. * add tests for cross_entropy_loss backward pass finite differences regularly results in estimated gradient of zero, despite the backward pass giving non zero gradient. _probably_ the finite differences fails due to numerical issues * use ggml_cross_entropy_loss in text training example * remove trailing whitespace * slightly improve how cross entropy loss is compute btw: directly implemented cross entropy loss seems to have way lower magnitudes than when implemented with softmax and log. probably the input to log gets closer to zero due to float numerics. maybe the multiplication by (1.0-eps)/sum is more accurate.. * add llama_get_vocab to get the vocabulary as output parameters * set default model.type for unknown models with few layers * add export of training checkpoint to llama compatible model file * get vocabulary for exporting training checkpoint to llama compatible model file * implement backward pass of flash attention * bugfixes for backward pass of flash attention * test flash attention backward pass need to set loose error bounds to pass. the finitie differences are close to numeric limits and often return quite different values than the backward pass. reducing eps further lets the gradients vanish completely. likewise setting eps to big results in wronger values. the softmax in the middle of the function is probably the most responsible for the numeric issues using finite differences. * add option to train with flash attention and move options to the top of the main function training from scratch also works with flash attention training convergence and generation results after fix number of iterations are worse than when not using flash attention. maybe there still lingers a bug in the flash attention backward pass? but training works, just with slower convergence. flash attention is still worth to use, because it requires way less memory and is faster with high n_ctx * add train_params and command line option parser * remove unnecessary comments * add train params to specify memory size * remove python bindings * rename baby-llama-text to train-text-from-scratch * replace auto parameters in lambda function * add #include <climits> * add explicit cast to fix compile error "error: non-constant-expression cannot be narrowed from type 'int64_t' (aka 'long long') to 'uint32_t' (aka 'unsigned int') in initializer list [-Wc++11-narrowing]" * remove trailing whitespace * add ggml_opt_resume_g which accepts forward and backward cgraphs * fix formulas in comments * bug fix for ggml_compute_forward_get_rows_back_f32 the result should be set to zero, not to whatever data is in opt0 * improve training memory usage with scratch buffers instead of relying on the automatic backward pass, we manually create the graph for the backward pass. it turns out that all backward pass operations need only temporary memory which can be reused after each layer. will compute backward pass for ALL model parameters * add option to use scratch buffers in training or not make it configurable because currently training with scratch buffers implies flash attention and optimization over all parameters. * ci : disable temporary * store view offset and permute axes in opt[0] instead of storing it in padding use memcpy to store offset, because offset is of type size_t. when storing it as int32_t offset would have to be smaller than 2^31 which is not necessarily true. * minor : fix compile warnings + minor style changes * fix bug in threaded indices calculation of ggml_compute_forward_flash_attn_back_f32 * store view offset like in master branch * bug fix in forward_batch_wo_cache_flash_attn_train * scratch buffer bug fixes in forward_batch_wo_cache_flash_attn_train data of permute and reshape is the same as their input. if we want to preserve the output of permute/reshape, we also need to preserve their inputs. replace reshape(src0, src1) with reshape_nd calls so that we don't need src1. replace (temporary) t03 with ggml_repeat(ctx0, layer.attention_norm, t02). in the future we could also use the new broadcasting ggml_mul to avoid these repeat calls. for this we need backward pass of broadcasting ggml_mul. * remove unnecessary scratch buffer 0 buf 0 is persistent memory, so we can just disable scratch for this by using buf -1 * avoid creating unnecessary grad tensors previously we need to create grads for model parameters, so that expand(..) correctly populates cgraph->leafs & cgraph->grads this wasted memory, because unnecessary grad for each op were automatically created: the automatically generated grad was unnecessary because we later manually set the grad (e.g. t35->grad = expand(gb, ...) ). this discarded the automatically generated grad resulting in wasted memory. improved this by changing expand(..) to not use ggml_build_forward_expand. expand set cgraph->nodes but not the leafs. cgraph->leafs & cgraph->grads are set in another pass after the last expand call. * print used training seed * zero initialize gfbuf and gbbuf * ci : re-enable workflows + add README for training --------- Co-authored-by: Georgi Gerganov <ggerganov@gmail.com>
2023-06-13 19:04:40 +00:00
# train-text-from-scratch
Basic usage instructions:
```bash
# get training data
train : get raw text instead of page with html (#1905) We probably want to train using just the text of Shakespeare instead of the html of the page displaying his work.
2023-06-17 06:51:54 +00:00
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/brunoklein99/deep-learning-notes/master/shakespeare.txt
train : improved training-from-scratch example (#1652) * add python wrapper https://gist.github.com/abetlen/2b90e5f153f6efd00931d098de5c73ce * fix decoding error. adds errors=ignore parameter * add python bindings for functions to get and set the whole llama state (rng, logits, embedding and kv_cache) * update python bindings * add text generating baby-llama from scratch example * fix race condition bug in ggml_compute_forward_diag_mask_f32 * implement ggml_soft_max_back for more performant backward pass of soft_max avoids creating big intermediate matrices of size n_embd x n_embd for llama layers and n_vocab x n_vocab for cross entropy loss * improve softmax backward pass go from quadratic runtime to linear runtime by simplifying the formulas * fix race condition bug in non-inplace ggml_compute_forward_diag_mask_f32 memcpy needs to be synchronized across threads to avoid race conditions. => do it in INIT phase * fix bug in ggml_compute_forward_soft_max_back_f32 on DEBUG build * improve performance of mul_mat backward pass avoid transpose by using mul_mat with swapped arguments * avoid printing too much newlines in baby-llama-text * activate threading in baby-llama-text * add ggml_out_prod and use it for mul_mat backward pass for improved performance performance stats report improvement from 37 seconds to 16 seconds runtime during my training tests * better weight initialization improves training convergence at start * better weight initialization improves training convergence at start * improve ggml_out_prod performance - change iteration order (>15s -> 10s runtime) - parallelize over one more dimension: over dst matrix rows (10s -> <5s runtime) * add llama sampler, shuffle samples and constrain sampling to tokens occurring in train data * fix get_samples call, add model tensor names, increase model size, start training samples after newline * save train trained model to checkpoint and load model to be trained from checkpoint * use inplace functions where possible * initialize rng with srand * use different arguments for input and output checkpoint * ggml fixes to support backward pass on inplace operations * remove duplicate include * fix cross entropy loss - add target probabilities for each sample which is then used in cross entropy loss * print used memory before and after optimization * sample with non-greedy sampling parameters at the end of training * add cmake target for baby-llama-text * add ggml_add1_inplace to header * enable gradient propagation for inplace add1 and scale operations those functions backward passes don't need the original src0, so they also work when forward is inplace * implement AdamW in ggml_opt_adam by adding weight decay parameter (default 0.001f) also add a schedule parameter (default 1.0f) that can be used to scale alpha and decay according to learning schedule. setting the decay parameter to zero disables AdamW resulting in normal Adam optimizer. since the difference between Adam and AdamW is minimal it is not implemented as another optimizer, but integrated into the existing Adam optimizer. * use inplace operations in cross_entropy_loss * fix random weight initialization scale * add missing default parameters for adam optimizer * add ggml_opt_context, so that we can properly resume training otherwise the optimizer states, tracking statistics about the error function and its derivates, will reset to zero each time ggml_opt is called, hindering convergence on resumed training. now the optimizer context and all its memory is stored in a separate struct. * fix bug in llama_sample_token_mirostat_v2 when all candidates are filtered out through mu threshold, the following soft_max operation will fail. so keep at least one. * add forward function without using cache, for more performant training during training on whole samples no cache is required. removing the cache and simplifying the remaining code results in performance and memory usage improvement. * print suppressed newline tokens as string "\n" printing too much actual newlines is suppressed to avoid flooding the console. * store optimizer state in training checkpoint and add learning schedule persistent optimizer state allows to resume training without resetting the optimizer learning schedule consists of linear warmup ramp followed by cosine decay with restarts * remove unused functions * fix bug in get_samples which corrupted training targets * save checkpoint only when it was trained * simplify code * remove trailing whitespace * simplify backward pass for SQRT * replace inefficient repeat backward pass with dedicated repeat_back operation * add ggml_cross_entropy_loss with backward pass for faster training cross entropy loss can also be implemented using softmax and log, but as dedicated operation it is faster and especially avoids unnecessary memory overhead. * add tests for cross_entropy_loss backward pass finite differences regularly results in estimated gradient of zero, despite the backward pass giving non zero gradient. _probably_ the finite differences fails due to numerical issues * use ggml_cross_entropy_loss in text training example * remove trailing whitespace * slightly improve how cross entropy loss is compute btw: directly implemented cross entropy loss seems to have way lower magnitudes than when implemented with softmax and log. probably the input to log gets closer to zero due to float numerics. maybe the multiplication by (1.0-eps)/sum is more accurate.. * add llama_get_vocab to get the vocabulary as output parameters * set default model.type for unknown models with few layers * add export of training checkpoint to llama compatible model file * get vocabulary for exporting training checkpoint to llama compatible model file * implement backward pass of flash attention * bugfixes for backward pass of flash attention * test flash attention backward pass need to set loose error bounds to pass. the finitie differences are close to numeric limits and often return quite different values than the backward pass. reducing eps further lets the gradients vanish completely. likewise setting eps to big results in wronger values. the softmax in the middle of the function is probably the most responsible for the numeric issues using finite differences. * add option to train with flash attention and move options to the top of the main function training from scratch also works with flash attention training convergence and generation results after fix number of iterations are worse than when not using flash attention. maybe there still lingers a bug in the flash attention backward pass? but training works, just with slower convergence. flash attention is still worth to use, because it requires way less memory and is faster with high n_ctx * add train_params and command line option parser * remove unnecessary comments * add train params to specify memory size * remove python bindings * rename baby-llama-text to train-text-from-scratch * replace auto parameters in lambda function * add #include <climits> * add explicit cast to fix compile error "error: non-constant-expression cannot be narrowed from type 'int64_t' (aka 'long long') to 'uint32_t' (aka 'unsigned int') in initializer list [-Wc++11-narrowing]" * remove trailing whitespace * add ggml_opt_resume_g which accepts forward and backward cgraphs * fix formulas in comments * bug fix for ggml_compute_forward_get_rows_back_f32 the result should be set to zero, not to whatever data is in opt0 * improve training memory usage with scratch buffers instead of relying on the automatic backward pass, we manually create the graph for the backward pass. it turns out that all backward pass operations need only temporary memory which can be reused after each layer. will compute backward pass for ALL model parameters * add option to use scratch buffers in training or not make it configurable because currently training with scratch buffers implies flash attention and optimization over all parameters. * ci : disable temporary * store view offset and permute axes in opt[0] instead of storing it in padding use memcpy to store offset, because offset is of type size_t. when storing it as int32_t offset would have to be smaller than 2^31 which is not necessarily true. * minor : fix compile warnings + minor style changes * fix bug in threaded indices calculation of ggml_compute_forward_flash_attn_back_f32 * store view offset like in master branch * bug fix in forward_batch_wo_cache_flash_attn_train * scratch buffer bug fixes in forward_batch_wo_cache_flash_attn_train data of permute and reshape is the same as their input. if we want to preserve the output of permute/reshape, we also need to preserve their inputs. replace reshape(src0, src1) with reshape_nd calls so that we don't need src1. replace (temporary) t03 with ggml_repeat(ctx0, layer.attention_norm, t02). in the future we could also use the new broadcasting ggml_mul to avoid these repeat calls. for this we need backward pass of broadcasting ggml_mul. * remove unnecessary scratch buffer 0 buf 0 is persistent memory, so we can just disable scratch for this by using buf -1 * avoid creating unnecessary grad tensors previously we need to create grads for model parameters, so that expand(..) correctly populates cgraph->leafs & cgraph->grads this wasted memory, because unnecessary grad for each op were automatically created: the automatically generated grad was unnecessary because we later manually set the grad (e.g. t35->grad = expand(gb, ...) ). this discarded the automatically generated grad resulting in wasted memory. improved this by changing expand(..) to not use ggml_build_forward_expand. expand set cgraph->nodes but not the leafs. cgraph->leafs & cgraph->grads are set in another pass after the last expand call. * print used training seed * zero initialize gfbuf and gbbuf * ci : re-enable workflows + add README for training --------- Co-authored-by: Georgi Gerganov <ggerganov@gmail.com>
2023-06-13 19:04:40 +00:00
# train
./bin/train-text-from-scratch \
train : mem usage and other improvements (#2439) * fix track_max_mem in forward_batch_wo_cache_flash_attn_train * remove unnecessary Adam(W) optimizer tensors. reduces optimizer memory overhead from 7*modelsize to 2*modelsize. additionally allows to optimize models with more than 2^31 parameters by replacing int with int64_t. bumps training checkpoint file version, but old checkpoints can still be read. new version with less tensors is saved. * add gradient clipping to AdamW * Fix reset of unused g->nodes and g->grads to NULL * implement gradient checkpointing for training reduces memory overhead from O(n_layer) to O(sqrt(n_layer)) as explained in readme of https://github.com/cybertronai/gradient-checkpointing * remove unused compute buffer 3 * add and use function ggml_build_backward_expand to avoid stack overflows with large maximum number of nodes GGML_API void ggml_build_backward_expand(struct ggml_context * ctx, struct ggml_cgraph * gf, struct ggml_cgraph * gb, bool keep); * change AdamW decay parameter to work like the torch AdamW decay parameter It is now relative to Adam learning rate `alpha*sched`. Before that it was relative to `sched` only. `alpha` being the maximum learning rate and `sched` being a scaling parameter in [0..1] * change default AdamW weight decay parameter used in training to 0.1 as used in nanoGPT * change default AdamW weight decay parameter defined in ggml to 0.0, making Adam default instead of AdamW btw: the default weight decay parameter for torch.optim.AdamW is 0.01 * bug fixes for cross entropy loss ggml_cross_entropy_loss: sums where not correctly added in workload of each thread ggml_cross_entropy_loss_back: simplify backward process, reducing numerical issues guard usage of exp f16 lookup in cross entropy by #define GGML_CROSS_ENTROPY_EXP_FP16 cross entropy loss is only used once during training, but it is quite sensitive to numerical errors introduced by exp-f16-lookup. so exp-f16-lookup for cross entropy loss is disabled by default, trading better gradients for very slightly worse runtime performance. * fix test-grad0 for cross_entropy_loss the second argument to cross_entropy_loss must sum up to 1 for each row * fix test-grad0 for soft_max dont use only sum as aggregation, because sum of softmax is always 1 -> finite differences should not work instead use sum(log(soft_max()*(1-eps)+eps)); use eps to avoid log(0) * improve finite differences of test-grad0 by using double instead of float * change cross_entropy_loss to output average over all rows this helps keeping the loss and gradients in a sane range * improve gradient checkpointing sqrt(n_layers) is only the best checkpoint step when mem size of checkpoints and mem size of layers are equal. since layers require more memory than the single-tensor-checkpoint we use, the optimal values are compute different: ``` given: n, u, v objective: minimize(a*u+b*v) where a*b=n, a>0, b>0 b=n/a minimize(a*u+v*n/a) diff(a*u+v*n/a, a) = u - (v*n/a)/a diff(a*u+v*n/a, a) == 0 u - (v*n/a)/a == 0 u == v*n/(a*a) u*a*a = v*n a*a = v*n/u a = sqrt(n*v/u) ``` this change results in more checkpoints, requiring less layers to store between checkpoints, overall improving memory usage. * disable gradient checkpointing debug output * llama : fix rope usage in train-text-from-scratch after ChatGLM change * add more training parameters: --enable-restart N Only for Adam optimizer. Enable restarts of cos-decay --disable-restart N Only for Adam optimizer. Disable restarts of cos-decay --opt-past N Number of optimization iterations to track for delta convergence test. Disabled when zero. --opt-delta N Maximum delta for delta convergence test. Disabled when <= zero. --opt-max-no-improvement N Maximum number of optimization iterations with no improvement. Disabled when <= zero. --adam-epsf N AdamW epsilon for convergence test. Disabled when <= zero. --adam-min-alpha N Adam minimum learning rate alpha, usually 0.1 * alpha * replace memcpy with reshape operation so that the graph is not cut at the input this makes it possible to store other values into the input tensor and then simply recompute the graph without rebuilding it * remove unused function argument from get_example_targets_batch * measure and print total training time * add optimization callback to ggml_opt_resume_g this callback is called before each iteration with custom data and pointer to learning schedule parameter (only used in Adam(W)). can be used for dynamic learning schedule and setting input data for batches before each iteration * use optimization callback in training allows dynamic learning schedule and different batch data for each iteration without relying on low n_iter and high n_examples parameters reduces runtime by avoiding restart of optimization function and improves training convergence by providing a different batch for each iteration * add minimum number of tensor dimensions to apply weight decay (default 2) this allows to not apply weight decay to bias parameters * rename training parameter cos-decay-alpha to cos-decay-min and clarify that adam-min-alpha also applies to warmup * fix increase of model.train_samples and model.train_tokens now that each optimizer iteration gets its own batch we need to multiply by number of opt iterations * change sampling parameters for prediction after training to defaults of common.h and clarify what is context for prediction and what are generated tokens * tighten abs error bounds for cross_entropy_loss in test-grad0 * add conditional compilation of using F16 exp in flash attention uncomment `// #define GGML_FLASH_ATTN_EXP_FP16` to enable usage of f16 exp in flash attention * tighten abs error bounds for flash_attn in test-grad0 * tighten abs error bounds for sqrt in test-grad0 * remove out-commented vectorized code of opt_adam the vectorized code might be bit faster for low number of parameters, but it had a big memory usage overhead * ggml : update ggml_rms_norm_back with configurable eps * llama training : fix ggml_rms_norm_back calls to pass configurable eps * remove trailing whitespace * add train function using automatic gradient checkpointing backward pass and allocator * in train function replace add_inplace by regular add because using add_inplace seems to result in different gradients * don't use allocate hash_map on context because the context has no_alloc=True when using memory allocator resulting in NULL data pointers * correctly clone reshape and permute operations by also cloning tensor->nb values * fix variable name and add missing type cast * terminate recursive tensor cloning when reaching tensor without src tensors * correctly clone view tensors by setting data pointers without this the checkpointing would only work when being used together with memory allocator * fix variable names * swap arguments to commutative ops to be the same as in `forward_batch_wo_cache_flash_attn` * add input tensors as checkpoints so that recursive tensor cloning of gradient checkpointing terminates on input tensors * fix variable name and add missing boolean negation * make sure some tensors are not reallocated by inserting new temporary nodes depending on them: output and parameter gradient tensors need to be available at the end of the graph execution parameter gradient tensors also need to be available before the graph execution because they are set to zero before each optimizer iteration checkpoint tensors are allocated all together to reduce memory allocator fragmentation afterwards, in addition to the temporary nodes, we also need to reset the temporary leafs * fix ASSERT to work with zero layers * add training options whether to use allocator and/or unified training function * integrate unified training function which may use memory allocator the unified training function also supports arguments whether to use flash attention and/or gradient checkpointing * format name of cloned tensors with " (clone)" suffix * set names for tensors in unified train function for easier debugging * allocate graph on context using ggml_new_graph * remove handwritten training functions * remove unused training parameters "use_scratch" and "use_unified" * remove trailing whitespace * remove unused train params: mem_compute1_gb & mem_compute2_gb mem_compute_gb is used for compute when automatic memory allocator is not enabled, otherwise it can be very small to only hold the tensor definitions mem_compute0_gb is used for automatic memory allocator (as long as measurement of max required size is not implemented) * remove unused forward_batch function * add debug asserts in ggml_allocr_alloc to some common pitfalls when using this function directly * only use ggml_allocr_alloc when tensor has NULL data and is no view * fix test when to create temporary backward graph temporary backward graph is only necessary when using checkpointing * fix memory "leak" in optimizers each iteration a new cplan with new memory for work data was allocated. now cplan creation only happens at the start of optimization, with each iteration reusing the cplan and its work data. * reverse order of for loop in ggml_build_backward_expand to save memory when using gradient checkpointing and allocator with this loop order gradient checkpointing with allocator on 16 layer model saves 13% memory; 2 layer memory it saves 2% memory. the computation results are the same * add missing lctx argument to get_example_targets_batch * implement llama model file saving using gguf checkpoint loading and saving disabled, to be replaced by loading and saving via gguf * implement loading/saving of checkpointing files using GGUF * bug fixes * add checkpoint file version for future compatibility * update readme with gguf filenames * save & load opt->just_initialized value * add first draft for checkpoint conversion script * add gguf arch and ftype * save opt parameter counter as uint64 * add gguf key and tensor names for optimizer and training * add layer_norm_rms_eps to checkpoint convert script * use same GGUF_GET_KEY macro as in llama.cpp * use norm_rms_eps, and rope parameters and command line options to set them * fix memory corruption bug in gguf ctx->kv and ctx->infos was reallocated using not-aligned realloc, but freed with aligned free. to fix this a GGML_ALIGNED_REALLOC was added, but there is no posix_memalign_realloc function. so on non-windows and non-mingw32 platforms we fall back to aligned malloc, followed by copying and freeing the old data. * add gguf example cmake file * bug fixes in tokenize_file * bug fixes in load_llama_model_gguf * bug fix: init model when no checkpoint was loaded * bug fix in read_tensor_by_name * bug fix in load_opt_context_gguf * avoid printing lots of spaced on the unusual case that loss gets nan * set name of tensors with empty name from what was read from gguf * remove trailing whitespace * print data checksums before saving and after loading to verify correctness * bug fixes for convert-train-checkpoint-to-gguf * temporarily add code to write old checkpoint files used to verify that old checkpoint files are correctly converted to gguf * bug fixes for convert-train-checkpoint-to-gguf.py loading checkpoints with opt_version=0 * remove code used to verify correctness of checkpoint file conversion * remove trailing whitespace * remove prediction related code use main for prediction, it is better optimized * update train-text-from-scratch README.md * fix non-windows GGML_ALIGNED_REALLOC * add missing blank line at end of file * remove GGML_ALIGNED_REALLOC and use normal malloc/realloc/free for gguf ctx->kv & ctx->infos * train : fix compile warnings --------- Co-authored-by: Georgi Gerganov <ggerganov@gmail.com>
2023-08-28 19:51:47 +00:00
--vocab-model ../models/ggml-vocab-llama.gguf \
train : improved training-from-scratch example (#1652) * add python wrapper https://gist.github.com/abetlen/2b90e5f153f6efd00931d098de5c73ce * fix decoding error. adds errors=ignore parameter * add python bindings for functions to get and set the whole llama state (rng, logits, embedding and kv_cache) * update python bindings * add text generating baby-llama from scratch example * fix race condition bug in ggml_compute_forward_diag_mask_f32 * implement ggml_soft_max_back for more performant backward pass of soft_max avoids creating big intermediate matrices of size n_embd x n_embd for llama layers and n_vocab x n_vocab for cross entropy loss * improve softmax backward pass go from quadratic runtime to linear runtime by simplifying the formulas * fix race condition bug in non-inplace ggml_compute_forward_diag_mask_f32 memcpy needs to be synchronized across threads to avoid race conditions. => do it in INIT phase * fix bug in ggml_compute_forward_soft_max_back_f32 on DEBUG build * improve performance of mul_mat backward pass avoid transpose by using mul_mat with swapped arguments * avoid printing too much newlines in baby-llama-text * activate threading in baby-llama-text * add ggml_out_prod and use it for mul_mat backward pass for improved performance performance stats report improvement from 37 seconds to 16 seconds runtime during my training tests * better weight initialization improves training convergence at start * better weight initialization improves training convergence at start * improve ggml_out_prod performance - change iteration order (>15s -> 10s runtime) - parallelize over one more dimension: over dst matrix rows (10s -> <5s runtime) * add llama sampler, shuffle samples and constrain sampling to tokens occurring in train data * fix get_samples call, add model tensor names, increase model size, start training samples after newline * save train trained model to checkpoint and load model to be trained from checkpoint * use inplace functions where possible * initialize rng with srand * use different arguments for input and output checkpoint * ggml fixes to support backward pass on inplace operations * remove duplicate include * fix cross entropy loss - add target probabilities for each sample which is then used in cross entropy loss * print used memory before and after optimization * sample with non-greedy sampling parameters at the end of training * add cmake target for baby-llama-text * add ggml_add1_inplace to header * enable gradient propagation for inplace add1 and scale operations those functions backward passes don't need the original src0, so they also work when forward is inplace * implement AdamW in ggml_opt_adam by adding weight decay parameter (default 0.001f) also add a schedule parameter (default 1.0f) that can be used to scale alpha and decay according to learning schedule. setting the decay parameter to zero disables AdamW resulting in normal Adam optimizer. since the difference between Adam and AdamW is minimal it is not implemented as another optimizer, but integrated into the existing Adam optimizer. * use inplace operations in cross_entropy_loss * fix random weight initialization scale * add missing default parameters for adam optimizer * add ggml_opt_context, so that we can properly resume training otherwise the optimizer states, tracking statistics about the error function and its derivates, will reset to zero each time ggml_opt is called, hindering convergence on resumed training. now the optimizer context and all its memory is stored in a separate struct. * fix bug in llama_sample_token_mirostat_v2 when all candidates are filtered out through mu threshold, the following soft_max operation will fail. so keep at least one. * add forward function without using cache, for more performant training during training on whole samples no cache is required. removing the cache and simplifying the remaining code results in performance and memory usage improvement. * print suppressed newline tokens as string "\n" printing too much actual newlines is suppressed to avoid flooding the console. * store optimizer state in training checkpoint and add learning schedule persistent optimizer state allows to resume training without resetting the optimizer learning schedule consists of linear warmup ramp followed by cosine decay with restarts * remove unused functions * fix bug in get_samples which corrupted training targets * save checkpoint only when it was trained * simplify code * remove trailing whitespace * simplify backward pass for SQRT * replace inefficient repeat backward pass with dedicated repeat_back operation * add ggml_cross_entropy_loss with backward pass for faster training cross entropy loss can also be implemented using softmax and log, but as dedicated operation it is faster and especially avoids unnecessary memory overhead. * add tests for cross_entropy_loss backward pass finite differences regularly results in estimated gradient of zero, despite the backward pass giving non zero gradient. _probably_ the finite differences fails due to numerical issues * use ggml_cross_entropy_loss in text training example * remove trailing whitespace * slightly improve how cross entropy loss is compute btw: directly implemented cross entropy loss seems to have way lower magnitudes than when implemented with softmax and log. probably the input to log gets closer to zero due to float numerics. maybe the multiplication by (1.0-eps)/sum is more accurate.. * add llama_get_vocab to get the vocabulary as output parameters * set default model.type for unknown models with few layers * add export of training checkpoint to llama compatible model file * get vocabulary for exporting training checkpoint to llama compatible model file * implement backward pass of flash attention * bugfixes for backward pass of flash attention * test flash attention backward pass need to set loose error bounds to pass. the finitie differences are close to numeric limits and often return quite different values than the backward pass. reducing eps further lets the gradients vanish completely. likewise setting eps to big results in wronger values. the softmax in the middle of the function is probably the most responsible for the numeric issues using finite differences. * add option to train with flash attention and move options to the top of the main function training from scratch also works with flash attention training convergence and generation results after fix number of iterations are worse than when not using flash attention. maybe there still lingers a bug in the flash attention backward pass? but training works, just with slower convergence. flash attention is still worth to use, because it requires way less memory and is faster with high n_ctx * add train_params and command line option parser * remove unnecessary comments * add train params to specify memory size * remove python bindings * rename baby-llama-text to train-text-from-scratch * replace auto parameters in lambda function * add #include <climits> * add explicit cast to fix compile error "error: non-constant-expression cannot be narrowed from type 'int64_t' (aka 'long long') to 'uint32_t' (aka 'unsigned int') in initializer list [-Wc++11-narrowing]" * remove trailing whitespace * add ggml_opt_resume_g which accepts forward and backward cgraphs * fix formulas in comments * bug fix for ggml_compute_forward_get_rows_back_f32 the result should be set to zero, not to whatever data is in opt0 * improve training memory usage with scratch buffers instead of relying on the automatic backward pass, we manually create the graph for the backward pass. it turns out that all backward pass operations need only temporary memory which can be reused after each layer. will compute backward pass for ALL model parameters * add option to use scratch buffers in training or not make it configurable because currently training with scratch buffers implies flash attention and optimization over all parameters. * ci : disable temporary * store view offset and permute axes in opt[0] instead of storing it in padding use memcpy to store offset, because offset is of type size_t. when storing it as int32_t offset would have to be smaller than 2^31 which is not necessarily true. * minor : fix compile warnings + minor style changes * fix bug in threaded indices calculation of ggml_compute_forward_flash_attn_back_f32 * store view offset like in master branch * bug fix in forward_batch_wo_cache_flash_attn_train * scratch buffer bug fixes in forward_batch_wo_cache_flash_attn_train data of permute and reshape is the same as their input. if we want to preserve the output of permute/reshape, we also need to preserve their inputs. replace reshape(src0, src1) with reshape_nd calls so that we don't need src1. replace (temporary) t03 with ggml_repeat(ctx0, layer.attention_norm, t02). in the future we could also use the new broadcasting ggml_mul to avoid these repeat calls. for this we need backward pass of broadcasting ggml_mul. * remove unnecessary scratch buffer 0 buf 0 is persistent memory, so we can just disable scratch for this by using buf -1 * avoid creating unnecessary grad tensors previously we need to create grads for model parameters, so that expand(..) correctly populates cgraph->leafs & cgraph->grads this wasted memory, because unnecessary grad for each op were automatically created: the automatically generated grad was unnecessary because we later manually set the grad (e.g. t35->grad = expand(gb, ...) ). this discarded the automatically generated grad resulting in wasted memory. improved this by changing expand(..) to not use ggml_build_forward_expand. expand set cgraph->nodes but not the leafs. cgraph->leafs & cgraph->grads are set in another pass after the last expand call. * print used training seed * zero initialize gfbuf and gbbuf * ci : re-enable workflows + add README for training --------- Co-authored-by: Georgi Gerganov <ggerganov@gmail.com>
2023-06-13 19:04:40 +00:00
--ctx 64 --embd 256 --head 8 --layer 16 \
train : mem usage and other improvements (#2439) * fix track_max_mem in forward_batch_wo_cache_flash_attn_train * remove unnecessary Adam(W) optimizer tensors. reduces optimizer memory overhead from 7*modelsize to 2*modelsize. additionally allows to optimize models with more than 2^31 parameters by replacing int with int64_t. bumps training checkpoint file version, but old checkpoints can still be read. new version with less tensors is saved. * add gradient clipping to AdamW * Fix reset of unused g->nodes and g->grads to NULL * implement gradient checkpointing for training reduces memory overhead from O(n_layer) to O(sqrt(n_layer)) as explained in readme of https://github.com/cybertronai/gradient-checkpointing * remove unused compute buffer 3 * add and use function ggml_build_backward_expand to avoid stack overflows with large maximum number of nodes GGML_API void ggml_build_backward_expand(struct ggml_context * ctx, struct ggml_cgraph * gf, struct ggml_cgraph * gb, bool keep); * change AdamW decay parameter to work like the torch AdamW decay parameter It is now relative to Adam learning rate `alpha*sched`. Before that it was relative to `sched` only. `alpha` being the maximum learning rate and `sched` being a scaling parameter in [0..1] * change default AdamW weight decay parameter used in training to 0.1 as used in nanoGPT * change default AdamW weight decay parameter defined in ggml to 0.0, making Adam default instead of AdamW btw: the default weight decay parameter for torch.optim.AdamW is 0.01 * bug fixes for cross entropy loss ggml_cross_entropy_loss: sums where not correctly added in workload of each thread ggml_cross_entropy_loss_back: simplify backward process, reducing numerical issues guard usage of exp f16 lookup in cross entropy by #define GGML_CROSS_ENTROPY_EXP_FP16 cross entropy loss is only used once during training, but it is quite sensitive to numerical errors introduced by exp-f16-lookup. so exp-f16-lookup for cross entropy loss is disabled by default, trading better gradients for very slightly worse runtime performance. * fix test-grad0 for cross_entropy_loss the second argument to cross_entropy_loss must sum up to 1 for each row * fix test-grad0 for soft_max dont use only sum as aggregation, because sum of softmax is always 1 -> finite differences should not work instead use sum(log(soft_max()*(1-eps)+eps)); use eps to avoid log(0) * improve finite differences of test-grad0 by using double instead of float * change cross_entropy_loss to output average over all rows this helps keeping the loss and gradients in a sane range * improve gradient checkpointing sqrt(n_layers) is only the best checkpoint step when mem size of checkpoints and mem size of layers are equal. since layers require more memory than the single-tensor-checkpoint we use, the optimal values are compute different: ``` given: n, u, v objective: minimize(a*u+b*v) where a*b=n, a>0, b>0 b=n/a minimize(a*u+v*n/a) diff(a*u+v*n/a, a) = u - (v*n/a)/a diff(a*u+v*n/a, a) == 0 u - (v*n/a)/a == 0 u == v*n/(a*a) u*a*a = v*n a*a = v*n/u a = sqrt(n*v/u) ``` this change results in more checkpoints, requiring less layers to store between checkpoints, overall improving memory usage. * disable gradient checkpointing debug output * llama : fix rope usage in train-text-from-scratch after ChatGLM change * add more training parameters: --enable-restart N Only for Adam optimizer. Enable restarts of cos-decay --disable-restart N Only for Adam optimizer. Disable restarts of cos-decay --opt-past N Number of optimization iterations to track for delta convergence test. Disabled when zero. --opt-delta N Maximum delta for delta convergence test. Disabled when <= zero. --opt-max-no-improvement N Maximum number of optimization iterations with no improvement. Disabled when <= zero. --adam-epsf N AdamW epsilon for convergence test. Disabled when <= zero. --adam-min-alpha N Adam minimum learning rate alpha, usually 0.1 * alpha * replace memcpy with reshape operation so that the graph is not cut at the input this makes it possible to store other values into the input tensor and then simply recompute the graph without rebuilding it * remove unused function argument from get_example_targets_batch * measure and print total training time * add optimization callback to ggml_opt_resume_g this callback is called before each iteration with custom data and pointer to learning schedule parameter (only used in Adam(W)). can be used for dynamic learning schedule and setting input data for batches before each iteration * use optimization callback in training allows dynamic learning schedule and different batch data for each iteration without relying on low n_iter and high n_examples parameters reduces runtime by avoiding restart of optimization function and improves training convergence by providing a different batch for each iteration * add minimum number of tensor dimensions to apply weight decay (default 2) this allows to not apply weight decay to bias parameters * rename training parameter cos-decay-alpha to cos-decay-min and clarify that adam-min-alpha also applies to warmup * fix increase of model.train_samples and model.train_tokens now that each optimizer iteration gets its own batch we need to multiply by number of opt iterations * change sampling parameters for prediction after training to defaults of common.h and clarify what is context for prediction and what are generated tokens * tighten abs error bounds for cross_entropy_loss in test-grad0 * add conditional compilation of using F16 exp in flash attention uncomment `// #define GGML_FLASH_ATTN_EXP_FP16` to enable usage of f16 exp in flash attention * tighten abs error bounds for flash_attn in test-grad0 * tighten abs error bounds for sqrt in test-grad0 * remove out-commented vectorized code of opt_adam the vectorized code might be bit faster for low number of parameters, but it had a big memory usage overhead * ggml : update ggml_rms_norm_back with configurable eps * llama training : fix ggml_rms_norm_back calls to pass configurable eps * remove trailing whitespace * add train function using automatic gradient checkpointing backward pass and allocator * in train function replace add_inplace by regular add because using add_inplace seems to result in different gradients * don't use allocate hash_map on context because the context has no_alloc=True when using memory allocator resulting in NULL data pointers * correctly clone reshape and permute operations by also cloning tensor->nb values * fix variable name and add missing type cast * terminate recursive tensor cloning when reaching tensor without src tensors * correctly clone view tensors by setting data pointers without this the checkpointing would only work when being used together with memory allocator * fix variable names * swap arguments to commutative ops to be the same as in `forward_batch_wo_cache_flash_attn` * add input tensors as checkpoints so that recursive tensor cloning of gradient checkpointing terminates on input tensors * fix variable name and add missing boolean negation * make sure some tensors are not reallocated by inserting new temporary nodes depending on them: output and parameter gradient tensors need to be available at the end of the graph execution parameter gradient tensors also need to be available before the graph execution because they are set to zero before each optimizer iteration checkpoint tensors are allocated all together to reduce memory allocator fragmentation afterwards, in addition to the temporary nodes, we also need to reset the temporary leafs * fix ASSERT to work with zero layers * add training options whether to use allocator and/or unified training function * integrate unified training function which may use memory allocator the unified training function also supports arguments whether to use flash attention and/or gradient checkpointing * format name of cloned tensors with " (clone)" suffix * set names for tensors in unified train function for easier debugging * allocate graph on context using ggml_new_graph * remove handwritten training functions * remove unused training parameters "use_scratch" and "use_unified" * remove trailing whitespace * remove unused train params: mem_compute1_gb & mem_compute2_gb mem_compute_gb is used for compute when automatic memory allocator is not enabled, otherwise it can be very small to only hold the tensor definitions mem_compute0_gb is used for automatic memory allocator (as long as measurement of max required size is not implemented) * remove unused forward_batch function * add debug asserts in ggml_allocr_alloc to some common pitfalls when using this function directly * only use ggml_allocr_alloc when tensor has NULL data and is no view * fix test when to create temporary backward graph temporary backward graph is only necessary when using checkpointing * fix memory "leak" in optimizers each iteration a new cplan with new memory for work data was allocated. now cplan creation only happens at the start of optimization, with each iteration reusing the cplan and its work data. * reverse order of for loop in ggml_build_backward_expand to save memory when using gradient checkpointing and allocator with this loop order gradient checkpointing with allocator on 16 layer model saves 13% memory; 2 layer memory it saves 2% memory. the computation results are the same * add missing lctx argument to get_example_targets_batch * implement llama model file saving using gguf checkpoint loading and saving disabled, to be replaced by loading and saving via gguf * implement loading/saving of checkpointing files using GGUF * bug fixes * add checkpoint file version for future compatibility * update readme with gguf filenames * save & load opt->just_initialized value * add first draft for checkpoint conversion script * add gguf arch and ftype * save opt parameter counter as uint64 * add gguf key and tensor names for optimizer and training * add layer_norm_rms_eps to checkpoint convert script * use same GGUF_GET_KEY macro as in llama.cpp * use norm_rms_eps, and rope parameters and command line options to set them * fix memory corruption bug in gguf ctx->kv and ctx->infos was reallocated using not-aligned realloc, but freed with aligned free. to fix this a GGML_ALIGNED_REALLOC was added, but there is no posix_memalign_realloc function. so on non-windows and non-mingw32 platforms we fall back to aligned malloc, followed by copying and freeing the old data. * add gguf example cmake file * bug fixes in tokenize_file * bug fixes in load_llama_model_gguf * bug fix: init model when no checkpoint was loaded * bug fix in read_tensor_by_name * bug fix in load_opt_context_gguf * avoid printing lots of spaced on the unusual case that loss gets nan * set name of tensors with empty name from what was read from gguf * remove trailing whitespace * print data checksums before saving and after loading to verify correctness * bug fixes for convert-train-checkpoint-to-gguf * temporarily add code to write old checkpoint files used to verify that old checkpoint files are correctly converted to gguf * bug fixes for convert-train-checkpoint-to-gguf.py loading checkpoints with opt_version=0 * remove code used to verify correctness of checkpoint file conversion * remove trailing whitespace * remove prediction related code use main for prediction, it is better optimized * update train-text-from-scratch README.md * fix non-windows GGML_ALIGNED_REALLOC * add missing blank line at end of file * remove GGML_ALIGNED_REALLOC and use normal malloc/realloc/free for gguf ctx->kv & ctx->infos * train : fix compile warnings --------- Co-authored-by: Georgi Gerganov <ggerganov@gmail.com>
2023-08-28 19:51:47 +00:00
--checkpoint-in chk-shakespeare-256x16.gguf \
--checkpoint-out chk-shakespeare-256x16.gguf \
--model-out ggml-shakespeare-256x16-f32.gguf \
train : improved training-from-scratch example (#1652) * add python wrapper https://gist.github.com/abetlen/2b90e5f153f6efd00931d098de5c73ce * fix decoding error. adds errors=ignore parameter * add python bindings for functions to get and set the whole llama state (rng, logits, embedding and kv_cache) * update python bindings * add text generating baby-llama from scratch example * fix race condition bug in ggml_compute_forward_diag_mask_f32 * implement ggml_soft_max_back for more performant backward pass of soft_max avoids creating big intermediate matrices of size n_embd x n_embd for llama layers and n_vocab x n_vocab for cross entropy loss * improve softmax backward pass go from quadratic runtime to linear runtime by simplifying the formulas * fix race condition bug in non-inplace ggml_compute_forward_diag_mask_f32 memcpy needs to be synchronized across threads to avoid race conditions. => do it in INIT phase * fix bug in ggml_compute_forward_soft_max_back_f32 on DEBUG build * improve performance of mul_mat backward pass avoid transpose by using mul_mat with swapped arguments * avoid printing too much newlines in baby-llama-text * activate threading in baby-llama-text * add ggml_out_prod and use it for mul_mat backward pass for improved performance performance stats report improvement from 37 seconds to 16 seconds runtime during my training tests * better weight initialization improves training convergence at start * better weight initialization improves training convergence at start * improve ggml_out_prod performance - change iteration order (>15s -> 10s runtime) - parallelize over one more dimension: over dst matrix rows (10s -> <5s runtime) * add llama sampler, shuffle samples and constrain sampling to tokens occurring in train data * fix get_samples call, add model tensor names, increase model size, start training samples after newline * save train trained model to checkpoint and load model to be trained from checkpoint * use inplace functions where possible * initialize rng with srand * use different arguments for input and output checkpoint * ggml fixes to support backward pass on inplace operations * remove duplicate include * fix cross entropy loss - add target probabilities for each sample which is then used in cross entropy loss * print used memory before and after optimization * sample with non-greedy sampling parameters at the end of training * add cmake target for baby-llama-text * add ggml_add1_inplace to header * enable gradient propagation for inplace add1 and scale operations those functions backward passes don't need the original src0, so they also work when forward is inplace * implement AdamW in ggml_opt_adam by adding weight decay parameter (default 0.001f) also add a schedule parameter (default 1.0f) that can be used to scale alpha and decay according to learning schedule. setting the decay parameter to zero disables AdamW resulting in normal Adam optimizer. since the difference between Adam and AdamW is minimal it is not implemented as another optimizer, but integrated into the existing Adam optimizer. * use inplace operations in cross_entropy_loss * fix random weight initialization scale * add missing default parameters for adam optimizer * add ggml_opt_context, so that we can properly resume training otherwise the optimizer states, tracking statistics about the error function and its derivates, will reset to zero each time ggml_opt is called, hindering convergence on resumed training. now the optimizer context and all its memory is stored in a separate struct. * fix bug in llama_sample_token_mirostat_v2 when all candidates are filtered out through mu threshold, the following soft_max operation will fail. so keep at least one. * add forward function without using cache, for more performant training during training on whole samples no cache is required. removing the cache and simplifying the remaining code results in performance and memory usage improvement. * print suppressed newline tokens as string "\n" printing too much actual newlines is suppressed to avoid flooding the console. * store optimizer state in training checkpoint and add learning schedule persistent optimizer state allows to resume training without resetting the optimizer learning schedule consists of linear warmup ramp followed by cosine decay with restarts * remove unused functions * fix bug in get_samples which corrupted training targets * save checkpoint only when it was trained * simplify code * remove trailing whitespace * simplify backward pass for SQRT * replace inefficient repeat backward pass with dedicated repeat_back operation * add ggml_cross_entropy_loss with backward pass for faster training cross entropy loss can also be implemented using softmax and log, but as dedicated operation it is faster and especially avoids unnecessary memory overhead. * add tests for cross_entropy_loss backward pass finite differences regularly results in estimated gradient of zero, despite the backward pass giving non zero gradient. _probably_ the finite differences fails due to numerical issues * use ggml_cross_entropy_loss in text training example * remove trailing whitespace * slightly improve how cross entropy loss is compute btw: directly implemented cross entropy loss seems to have way lower magnitudes than when implemented with softmax and log. probably the input to log gets closer to zero due to float numerics. maybe the multiplication by (1.0-eps)/sum is more accurate.. * add llama_get_vocab to get the vocabulary as output parameters * set default model.type for unknown models with few layers * add export of training checkpoint to llama compatible model file * get vocabulary for exporting training checkpoint to llama compatible model file * implement backward pass of flash attention * bugfixes for backward pass of flash attention * test flash attention backward pass need to set loose error bounds to pass. the finitie differences are close to numeric limits and often return quite different values than the backward pass. reducing eps further lets the gradients vanish completely. likewise setting eps to big results in wronger values. the softmax in the middle of the function is probably the most responsible for the numeric issues using finite differences. * add option to train with flash attention and move options to the top of the main function training from scratch also works with flash attention training convergence and generation results after fix number of iterations are worse than when not using flash attention. maybe there still lingers a bug in the flash attention backward pass? but training works, just with slower convergence. flash attention is still worth to use, because it requires way less memory and is faster with high n_ctx * add train_params and command line option parser * remove unnecessary comments * add train params to specify memory size * remove python bindings * rename baby-llama-text to train-text-from-scratch * replace auto parameters in lambda function * add #include <climits> * add explicit cast to fix compile error "error: non-constant-expression cannot be narrowed from type 'int64_t' (aka 'long long') to 'uint32_t' (aka 'unsigned int') in initializer list [-Wc++11-narrowing]" * remove trailing whitespace * add ggml_opt_resume_g which accepts forward and backward cgraphs * fix formulas in comments * bug fix for ggml_compute_forward_get_rows_back_f32 the result should be set to zero, not to whatever data is in opt0 * improve training memory usage with scratch buffers instead of relying on the automatic backward pass, we manually create the graph for the backward pass. it turns out that all backward pass operations need only temporary memory which can be reused after each layer. will compute backward pass for ALL model parameters * add option to use scratch buffers in training or not make it configurable because currently training with scratch buffers implies flash attention and optimization over all parameters. * ci : disable temporary * store view offset and permute axes in opt[0] instead of storing it in padding use memcpy to store offset, because offset is of type size_t. when storing it as int32_t offset would have to be smaller than 2^31 which is not necessarily true. * minor : fix compile warnings + minor style changes * fix bug in threaded indices calculation of ggml_compute_forward_flash_attn_back_f32 * store view offset like in master branch * bug fix in forward_batch_wo_cache_flash_attn_train * scratch buffer bug fixes in forward_batch_wo_cache_flash_attn_train data of permute and reshape is the same as their input. if we want to preserve the output of permute/reshape, we also need to preserve their inputs. replace reshape(src0, src1) with reshape_nd calls so that we don't need src1. replace (temporary) t03 with ggml_repeat(ctx0, layer.attention_norm, t02). in the future we could also use the new broadcasting ggml_mul to avoid these repeat calls. for this we need backward pass of broadcasting ggml_mul. * remove unnecessary scratch buffer 0 buf 0 is persistent memory, so we can just disable scratch for this by using buf -1 * avoid creating unnecessary grad tensors previously we need to create grads for model parameters, so that expand(..) correctly populates cgraph->leafs & cgraph->grads this wasted memory, because unnecessary grad for each op were automatically created: the automatically generated grad was unnecessary because we later manually set the grad (e.g. t35->grad = expand(gb, ...) ). this discarded the automatically generated grad resulting in wasted memory. improved this by changing expand(..) to not use ggml_build_forward_expand. expand set cgraph->nodes but not the leafs. cgraph->leafs & cgraph->grads are set in another pass after the last expand call. * print used training seed * zero initialize gfbuf and gbbuf * ci : re-enable workflows + add README for training --------- Co-authored-by: Georgi Gerganov <ggerganov@gmail.com>
2023-06-13 19:04:40 +00:00
--train-data "shakespeare.txt" \
train : mem usage and other improvements (#2439) * fix track_max_mem in forward_batch_wo_cache_flash_attn_train * remove unnecessary Adam(W) optimizer tensors. reduces optimizer memory overhead from 7*modelsize to 2*modelsize. additionally allows to optimize models with more than 2^31 parameters by replacing int with int64_t. bumps training checkpoint file version, but old checkpoints can still be read. new version with less tensors is saved. * add gradient clipping to AdamW * Fix reset of unused g->nodes and g->grads to NULL * implement gradient checkpointing for training reduces memory overhead from O(n_layer) to O(sqrt(n_layer)) as explained in readme of https://github.com/cybertronai/gradient-checkpointing * remove unused compute buffer 3 * add and use function ggml_build_backward_expand to avoid stack overflows with large maximum number of nodes GGML_API void ggml_build_backward_expand(struct ggml_context * ctx, struct ggml_cgraph * gf, struct ggml_cgraph * gb, bool keep); * change AdamW decay parameter to work like the torch AdamW decay parameter It is now relative to Adam learning rate `alpha*sched`. Before that it was relative to `sched` only. `alpha` being the maximum learning rate and `sched` being a scaling parameter in [0..1] * change default AdamW weight decay parameter used in training to 0.1 as used in nanoGPT * change default AdamW weight decay parameter defined in ggml to 0.0, making Adam default instead of AdamW btw: the default weight decay parameter for torch.optim.AdamW is 0.01 * bug fixes for cross entropy loss ggml_cross_entropy_loss: sums where not correctly added in workload of each thread ggml_cross_entropy_loss_back: simplify backward process, reducing numerical issues guard usage of exp f16 lookup in cross entropy by #define GGML_CROSS_ENTROPY_EXP_FP16 cross entropy loss is only used once during training, but it is quite sensitive to numerical errors introduced by exp-f16-lookup. so exp-f16-lookup for cross entropy loss is disabled by default, trading better gradients for very slightly worse runtime performance. * fix test-grad0 for cross_entropy_loss the second argument to cross_entropy_loss must sum up to 1 for each row * fix test-grad0 for soft_max dont use only sum as aggregation, because sum of softmax is always 1 -> finite differences should not work instead use sum(log(soft_max()*(1-eps)+eps)); use eps to avoid log(0) * improve finite differences of test-grad0 by using double instead of float * change cross_entropy_loss to output average over all rows this helps keeping the loss and gradients in a sane range * improve gradient checkpointing sqrt(n_layers) is only the best checkpoint step when mem size of checkpoints and mem size of layers are equal. since layers require more memory than the single-tensor-checkpoint we use, the optimal values are compute different: ``` given: n, u, v objective: minimize(a*u+b*v) where a*b=n, a>0, b>0 b=n/a minimize(a*u+v*n/a) diff(a*u+v*n/a, a) = u - (v*n/a)/a diff(a*u+v*n/a, a) == 0 u - (v*n/a)/a == 0 u == v*n/(a*a) u*a*a = v*n a*a = v*n/u a = sqrt(n*v/u) ``` this change results in more checkpoints, requiring less layers to store between checkpoints, overall improving memory usage. * disable gradient checkpointing debug output * llama : fix rope usage in train-text-from-scratch after ChatGLM change * add more training parameters: --enable-restart N Only for Adam optimizer. Enable restarts of cos-decay --disable-restart N Only for Adam optimizer. Disable restarts of cos-decay --opt-past N Number of optimization iterations to track for delta convergence test. Disabled when zero. --opt-delta N Maximum delta for delta convergence test. Disabled when <= zero. --opt-max-no-improvement N Maximum number of optimization iterations with no improvement. Disabled when <= zero. --adam-epsf N AdamW epsilon for convergence test. Disabled when <= zero. --adam-min-alpha N Adam minimum learning rate alpha, usually 0.1 * alpha * replace memcpy with reshape operation so that the graph is not cut at the input this makes it possible to store other values into the input tensor and then simply recompute the graph without rebuilding it * remove unused function argument from get_example_targets_batch * measure and print total training time * add optimization callback to ggml_opt_resume_g this callback is called before each iteration with custom data and pointer to learning schedule parameter (only used in Adam(W)). can be used for dynamic learning schedule and setting input data for batches before each iteration * use optimization callback in training allows dynamic learning schedule and different batch data for each iteration without relying on low n_iter and high n_examples parameters reduces runtime by avoiding restart of optimization function and improves training convergence by providing a different batch for each iteration * add minimum number of tensor dimensions to apply weight decay (default 2) this allows to not apply weight decay to bias parameters * rename training parameter cos-decay-alpha to cos-decay-min and clarify that adam-min-alpha also applies to warmup * fix increase of model.train_samples and model.train_tokens now that each optimizer iteration gets its own batch we need to multiply by number of opt iterations * change sampling parameters for prediction after training to defaults of common.h and clarify what is context for prediction and what are generated tokens * tighten abs error bounds for cross_entropy_loss in test-grad0 * add conditional compilation of using F16 exp in flash attention uncomment `// #define GGML_FLASH_ATTN_EXP_FP16` to enable usage of f16 exp in flash attention * tighten abs error bounds for flash_attn in test-grad0 * tighten abs error bounds for sqrt in test-grad0 * remove out-commented vectorized code of opt_adam the vectorized code might be bit faster for low number of parameters, but it had a big memory usage overhead * ggml : update ggml_rms_norm_back with configurable eps * llama training : fix ggml_rms_norm_back calls to pass configurable eps * remove trailing whitespace * add train function using automatic gradient checkpointing backward pass and allocator * in train function replace add_inplace by regular add because using add_inplace seems to result in different gradients * don't use allocate hash_map on context because the context has no_alloc=True when using memory allocator resulting in NULL data pointers * correctly clone reshape and permute operations by also cloning tensor->nb values * fix variable name and add missing type cast * terminate recursive tensor cloning when reaching tensor without src tensors * correctly clone view tensors by setting data pointers without this the checkpointing would only work when being used together with memory allocator * fix variable names * swap arguments to commutative ops to be the same as in `forward_batch_wo_cache_flash_attn` * add input tensors as checkpoints so that recursive tensor cloning of gradient checkpointing terminates on input tensors * fix variable name and add missing boolean negation * make sure some tensors are not reallocated by inserting new temporary nodes depending on them: output and parameter gradient tensors need to be available at the end of the graph execution parameter gradient tensors also need to be available before the graph execution because they are set to zero before each optimizer iteration checkpoint tensors are allocated all together to reduce memory allocator fragmentation afterwards, in addition to the temporary nodes, we also need to reset the temporary leafs * fix ASSERT to work with zero layers * add training options whether to use allocator and/or unified training function * integrate unified training function which may use memory allocator the unified training function also supports arguments whether to use flash attention and/or gradient checkpointing * format name of cloned tensors with " (clone)" suffix * set names for tensors in unified train function for easier debugging * allocate graph on context using ggml_new_graph * remove handwritten training functions * remove unused training parameters "use_scratch" and "use_unified" * remove trailing whitespace * remove unused train params: mem_compute1_gb & mem_compute2_gb mem_compute_gb is used for compute when automatic memory allocator is not enabled, otherwise it can be very small to only hold the tensor definitions mem_compute0_gb is used for automatic memory allocator (as long as measurement of max required size is not implemented) * remove unused forward_batch function * add debug asserts in ggml_allocr_alloc to some common pitfalls when using this function directly * only use ggml_allocr_alloc when tensor has NULL data and is no view * fix test when to create temporary backward graph temporary backward graph is only necessary when using checkpointing * fix memory "leak" in optimizers each iteration a new cplan with new memory for work data was allocated. now cplan creation only happens at the start of optimization, with each iteration reusing the cplan and its work data. * reverse order of for loop in ggml_build_backward_expand to save memory when using gradient checkpointing and allocator with this loop order gradient checkpointing with allocator on 16 layer model saves 13% memory; 2 layer memory it saves 2% memory. the computation results are the same * add missing lctx argument to get_example_targets_batch * implement llama model file saving using gguf checkpoint loading and saving disabled, to be replaced by loading and saving via gguf * implement loading/saving of checkpointing files using GGUF * bug fixes * add checkpoint file version for future compatibility * update readme with gguf filenames * save & load opt->just_initialized value * add first draft for checkpoint conversion script * add gguf arch and ftype * save opt parameter counter as uint64 * add gguf key and tensor names for optimizer and training * add layer_norm_rms_eps to checkpoint convert script * use same GGUF_GET_KEY macro as in llama.cpp * use norm_rms_eps, and rope parameters and command line options to set them * fix memory corruption bug in gguf ctx->kv and ctx->infos was reallocated using not-aligned realloc, but freed with aligned free. to fix this a GGML_ALIGNED_REALLOC was added, but there is no posix_memalign_realloc function. so on non-windows and non-mingw32 platforms we fall back to aligned malloc, followed by copying and freeing the old data. * add gguf example cmake file * bug fixes in tokenize_file * bug fixes in load_llama_model_gguf * bug fix: init model when no checkpoint was loaded * bug fix in read_tensor_by_name * bug fix in load_opt_context_gguf * avoid printing lots of spaced on the unusual case that loss gets nan * set name of tensors with empty name from what was read from gguf * remove trailing whitespace * print data checksums before saving and after loading to verify correctness * bug fixes for convert-train-checkpoint-to-gguf * temporarily add code to write old checkpoint files used to verify that old checkpoint files are correctly converted to gguf * bug fixes for convert-train-checkpoint-to-gguf.py loading checkpoints with opt_version=0 * remove code used to verify correctness of checkpoint file conversion * remove trailing whitespace * remove prediction related code use main for prediction, it is better optimized * update train-text-from-scratch README.md * fix non-windows GGML_ALIGNED_REALLOC * add missing blank line at end of file * remove GGML_ALIGNED_REALLOC and use normal malloc/realloc/free for gguf ctx->kv & ctx->infos * train : fix compile warnings --------- Co-authored-by: Georgi Gerganov <ggerganov@gmail.com>
2023-08-28 19:51:47 +00:00
-t 6 -b 16 --seed 1 --adam-iter 256 \
--no-checkpointing
train : improved training-from-scratch example (#1652) * add python wrapper https://gist.github.com/abetlen/2b90e5f153f6efd00931d098de5c73ce * fix decoding error. adds errors=ignore parameter * add python bindings for functions to get and set the whole llama state (rng, logits, embedding and kv_cache) * update python bindings * add text generating baby-llama from scratch example * fix race condition bug in ggml_compute_forward_diag_mask_f32 * implement ggml_soft_max_back for more performant backward pass of soft_max avoids creating big intermediate matrices of size n_embd x n_embd for llama layers and n_vocab x n_vocab for cross entropy loss * improve softmax backward pass go from quadratic runtime to linear runtime by simplifying the formulas * fix race condition bug in non-inplace ggml_compute_forward_diag_mask_f32 memcpy needs to be synchronized across threads to avoid race conditions. => do it in INIT phase * fix bug in ggml_compute_forward_soft_max_back_f32 on DEBUG build * improve performance of mul_mat backward pass avoid transpose by using mul_mat with swapped arguments * avoid printing too much newlines in baby-llama-text * activate threading in baby-llama-text * add ggml_out_prod and use it for mul_mat backward pass for improved performance performance stats report improvement from 37 seconds to 16 seconds runtime during my training tests * better weight initialization improves training convergence at start * better weight initialization improves training convergence at start * improve ggml_out_prod performance - change iteration order (>15s -> 10s runtime) - parallelize over one more dimension: over dst matrix rows (10s -> <5s runtime) * add llama sampler, shuffle samples and constrain sampling to tokens occurring in train data * fix get_samples call, add model tensor names, increase model size, start training samples after newline * save train trained model to checkpoint and load model to be trained from checkpoint * use inplace functions where possible * initialize rng with srand * use different arguments for input and output checkpoint * ggml fixes to support backward pass on inplace operations * remove duplicate include * fix cross entropy loss - add target probabilities for each sample which is then used in cross entropy loss * print used memory before and after optimization * sample with non-greedy sampling parameters at the end of training * add cmake target for baby-llama-text * add ggml_add1_inplace to header * enable gradient propagation for inplace add1 and scale operations those functions backward passes don't need the original src0, so they also work when forward is inplace * implement AdamW in ggml_opt_adam by adding weight decay parameter (default 0.001f) also add a schedule parameter (default 1.0f) that can be used to scale alpha and decay according to learning schedule. setting the decay parameter to zero disables AdamW resulting in normal Adam optimizer. since the difference between Adam and AdamW is minimal it is not implemented as another optimizer, but integrated into the existing Adam optimizer. * use inplace operations in cross_entropy_loss * fix random weight initialization scale * add missing default parameters for adam optimizer * add ggml_opt_context, so that we can properly resume training otherwise the optimizer states, tracking statistics about the error function and its derivates, will reset to zero each time ggml_opt is called, hindering convergence on resumed training. now the optimizer context and all its memory is stored in a separate struct. * fix bug in llama_sample_token_mirostat_v2 when all candidates are filtered out through mu threshold, the following soft_max operation will fail. so keep at least one. * add forward function without using cache, for more performant training during training on whole samples no cache is required. removing the cache and simplifying the remaining code results in performance and memory usage improvement. * print suppressed newline tokens as string "\n" printing too much actual newlines is suppressed to avoid flooding the console. * store optimizer state in training checkpoint and add learning schedule persistent optimizer state allows to resume training without resetting the optimizer learning schedule consists of linear warmup ramp followed by cosine decay with restarts * remove unused functions * fix bug in get_samples which corrupted training targets * save checkpoint only when it was trained * simplify code * remove trailing whitespace * simplify backward pass for SQRT * replace inefficient repeat backward pass with dedicated repeat_back operation * add ggml_cross_entropy_loss with backward pass for faster training cross entropy loss can also be implemented using softmax and log, but as dedicated operation it is faster and especially avoids unnecessary memory overhead. * add tests for cross_entropy_loss backward pass finite differences regularly results in estimated gradient of zero, despite the backward pass giving non zero gradient. _probably_ the finite differences fails due to numerical issues * use ggml_cross_entropy_loss in text training example * remove trailing whitespace * slightly improve how cross entropy loss is compute btw: directly implemented cross entropy loss seems to have way lower magnitudes than when implemented with softmax and log. probably the input to log gets closer to zero due to float numerics. maybe the multiplication by (1.0-eps)/sum is more accurate.. * add llama_get_vocab to get the vocabulary as output parameters * set default model.type for unknown models with few layers * add export of training checkpoint to llama compatible model file * get vocabulary for exporting training checkpoint to llama compatible model file * implement backward pass of flash attention * bugfixes for backward pass of flash attention * test flash attention backward pass need to set loose error bounds to pass. the finitie differences are close to numeric limits and often return quite different values than the backward pass. reducing eps further lets the gradients vanish completely. likewise setting eps to big results in wronger values. the softmax in the middle of the function is probably the most responsible for the numeric issues using finite differences. * add option to train with flash attention and move options to the top of the main function training from scratch also works with flash attention training convergence and generation results after fix number of iterations are worse than when not using flash attention. maybe there still lingers a bug in the flash attention backward pass? but training works, just with slower convergence. flash attention is still worth to use, because it requires way less memory and is faster with high n_ctx * add train_params and command line option parser * remove unnecessary comments * add train params to specify memory size * remove python bindings * rename baby-llama-text to train-text-from-scratch * replace auto parameters in lambda function * add #include <climits> * add explicit cast to fix compile error "error: non-constant-expression cannot be narrowed from type 'int64_t' (aka 'long long') to 'uint32_t' (aka 'unsigned int') in initializer list [-Wc++11-narrowing]" * remove trailing whitespace * add ggml_opt_resume_g which accepts forward and backward cgraphs * fix formulas in comments * bug fix for ggml_compute_forward_get_rows_back_f32 the result should be set to zero, not to whatever data is in opt0 * improve training memory usage with scratch buffers instead of relying on the automatic backward pass, we manually create the graph for the backward pass. it turns out that all backward pass operations need only temporary memory which can be reused after each layer. will compute backward pass for ALL model parameters * add option to use scratch buffers in training or not make it configurable because currently training with scratch buffers implies flash attention and optimization over all parameters. * ci : disable temporary * store view offset and permute axes in opt[0] instead of storing it in padding use memcpy to store offset, because offset is of type size_t. when storing it as int32_t offset would have to be smaller than 2^31 which is not necessarily true. * minor : fix compile warnings + minor style changes * fix bug in threaded indices calculation of ggml_compute_forward_flash_attn_back_f32 * store view offset like in master branch * bug fix in forward_batch_wo_cache_flash_attn_train * scratch buffer bug fixes in forward_batch_wo_cache_flash_attn_train data of permute and reshape is the same as their input. if we want to preserve the output of permute/reshape, we also need to preserve their inputs. replace reshape(src0, src1) with reshape_nd calls so that we don't need src1. replace (temporary) t03 with ggml_repeat(ctx0, layer.attention_norm, t02). in the future we could also use the new broadcasting ggml_mul to avoid these repeat calls. for this we need backward pass of broadcasting ggml_mul. * remove unnecessary scratch buffer 0 buf 0 is persistent memory, so we can just disable scratch for this by using buf -1 * avoid creating unnecessary grad tensors previously we need to create grads for model parameters, so that expand(..) correctly populates cgraph->leafs & cgraph->grads this wasted memory, because unnecessary grad for each op were automatically created: the automatically generated grad was unnecessary because we later manually set the grad (e.g. t35->grad = expand(gb, ...) ). this discarded the automatically generated grad resulting in wasted memory. improved this by changing expand(..) to not use ggml_build_forward_expand. expand set cgraph->nodes but not the leafs. cgraph->leafs & cgraph->grads are set in another pass after the last expand call. * print used training seed * zero initialize gfbuf and gbbuf * ci : re-enable workflows + add README for training --------- Co-authored-by: Georgi Gerganov <ggerganov@gmail.com>
2023-06-13 19:04:40 +00:00
# predict
train : mem usage and other improvements (#2439) * fix track_max_mem in forward_batch_wo_cache_flash_attn_train * remove unnecessary Adam(W) optimizer tensors. reduces optimizer memory overhead from 7*modelsize to 2*modelsize. additionally allows to optimize models with more than 2^31 parameters by replacing int with int64_t. bumps training checkpoint file version, but old checkpoints can still be read. new version with less tensors is saved. * add gradient clipping to AdamW * Fix reset of unused g->nodes and g->grads to NULL * implement gradient checkpointing for training reduces memory overhead from O(n_layer) to O(sqrt(n_layer)) as explained in readme of https://github.com/cybertronai/gradient-checkpointing * remove unused compute buffer 3 * add and use function ggml_build_backward_expand to avoid stack overflows with large maximum number of nodes GGML_API void ggml_build_backward_expand(struct ggml_context * ctx, struct ggml_cgraph * gf, struct ggml_cgraph * gb, bool keep); * change AdamW decay parameter to work like the torch AdamW decay parameter It is now relative to Adam learning rate `alpha*sched`. Before that it was relative to `sched` only. `alpha` being the maximum learning rate and `sched` being a scaling parameter in [0..1] * change default AdamW weight decay parameter used in training to 0.1 as used in nanoGPT * change default AdamW weight decay parameter defined in ggml to 0.0, making Adam default instead of AdamW btw: the default weight decay parameter for torch.optim.AdamW is 0.01 * bug fixes for cross entropy loss ggml_cross_entropy_loss: sums where not correctly added in workload of each thread ggml_cross_entropy_loss_back: simplify backward process, reducing numerical issues guard usage of exp f16 lookup in cross entropy by #define GGML_CROSS_ENTROPY_EXP_FP16 cross entropy loss is only used once during training, but it is quite sensitive to numerical errors introduced by exp-f16-lookup. so exp-f16-lookup for cross entropy loss is disabled by default, trading better gradients for very slightly worse runtime performance. * fix test-grad0 for cross_entropy_loss the second argument to cross_entropy_loss must sum up to 1 for each row * fix test-grad0 for soft_max dont use only sum as aggregation, because sum of softmax is always 1 -> finite differences should not work instead use sum(log(soft_max()*(1-eps)+eps)); use eps to avoid log(0) * improve finite differences of test-grad0 by using double instead of float * change cross_entropy_loss to output average over all rows this helps keeping the loss and gradients in a sane range * improve gradient checkpointing sqrt(n_layers) is only the best checkpoint step when mem size of checkpoints and mem size of layers are equal. since layers require more memory than the single-tensor-checkpoint we use, the optimal values are compute different: ``` given: n, u, v objective: minimize(a*u+b*v) where a*b=n, a>0, b>0 b=n/a minimize(a*u+v*n/a) diff(a*u+v*n/a, a) = u - (v*n/a)/a diff(a*u+v*n/a, a) == 0 u - (v*n/a)/a == 0 u == v*n/(a*a) u*a*a = v*n a*a = v*n/u a = sqrt(n*v/u) ``` this change results in more checkpoints, requiring less layers to store between checkpoints, overall improving memory usage. * disable gradient checkpointing debug output * llama : fix rope usage in train-text-from-scratch after ChatGLM change * add more training parameters: --enable-restart N Only for Adam optimizer. Enable restarts of cos-decay --disable-restart N Only for Adam optimizer. Disable restarts of cos-decay --opt-past N Number of optimization iterations to track for delta convergence test. Disabled when zero. --opt-delta N Maximum delta for delta convergence test. Disabled when <= zero. --opt-max-no-improvement N Maximum number of optimization iterations with no improvement. Disabled when <= zero. --adam-epsf N AdamW epsilon for convergence test. Disabled when <= zero. --adam-min-alpha N Adam minimum learning rate alpha, usually 0.1 * alpha * replace memcpy with reshape operation so that the graph is not cut at the input this makes it possible to store other values into the input tensor and then simply recompute the graph without rebuilding it * remove unused function argument from get_example_targets_batch * measure and print total training time * add optimization callback to ggml_opt_resume_g this callback is called before each iteration with custom data and pointer to learning schedule parameter (only used in Adam(W)). can be used for dynamic learning schedule and setting input data for batches before each iteration * use optimization callback in training allows dynamic learning schedule and different batch data for each iteration without relying on low n_iter and high n_examples parameters reduces runtime by avoiding restart of optimization function and improves training convergence by providing a different batch for each iteration * add minimum number of tensor dimensions to apply weight decay (default 2) this allows to not apply weight decay to bias parameters * rename training parameter cos-decay-alpha to cos-decay-min and clarify that adam-min-alpha also applies to warmup * fix increase of model.train_samples and model.train_tokens now that each optimizer iteration gets its own batch we need to multiply by number of opt iterations * change sampling parameters for prediction after training to defaults of common.h and clarify what is context for prediction and what are generated tokens * tighten abs error bounds for cross_entropy_loss in test-grad0 * add conditional compilation of using F16 exp in flash attention uncomment `// #define GGML_FLASH_ATTN_EXP_FP16` to enable usage of f16 exp in flash attention * tighten abs error bounds for flash_attn in test-grad0 * tighten abs error bounds for sqrt in test-grad0 * remove out-commented vectorized code of opt_adam the vectorized code might be bit faster for low number of parameters, but it had a big memory usage overhead * ggml : update ggml_rms_norm_back with configurable eps * llama training : fix ggml_rms_norm_back calls to pass configurable eps * remove trailing whitespace * add train function using automatic gradient checkpointing backward pass and allocator * in train function replace add_inplace by regular add because using add_inplace seems to result in different gradients * don't use allocate hash_map on context because the context has no_alloc=True when using memory allocator resulting in NULL data pointers * correctly clone reshape and permute operations by also cloning tensor->nb values * fix variable name and add missing type cast * terminate recursive tensor cloning when reaching tensor without src tensors * correctly clone view tensors by setting data pointers without this the checkpointing would only work when being used together with memory allocator * fix variable names * swap arguments to commutative ops to be the same as in `forward_batch_wo_cache_flash_attn` * add input tensors as checkpoints so that recursive tensor cloning of gradient checkpointing terminates on input tensors * fix variable name and add missing boolean negation * make sure some tensors are not reallocated by inserting new temporary nodes depending on them: output and parameter gradient tensors need to be available at the end of the graph execution parameter gradient tensors also need to be available before the graph execution because they are set to zero before each optimizer iteration checkpoint tensors are allocated all together to reduce memory allocator fragmentation afterwards, in addition to the temporary nodes, we also need to reset the temporary leafs * fix ASSERT to work with zero layers * add training options whether to use allocator and/or unified training function * integrate unified training function which may use memory allocator the unified training function also supports arguments whether to use flash attention and/or gradient checkpointing * format name of cloned tensors with " (clone)" suffix * set names for tensors in unified train function for easier debugging * allocate graph on context using ggml_new_graph * remove handwritten training functions * remove unused training parameters "use_scratch" and "use_unified" * remove trailing whitespace * remove unused train params: mem_compute1_gb & mem_compute2_gb mem_compute_gb is used for compute when automatic memory allocator is not enabled, otherwise it can be very small to only hold the tensor definitions mem_compute0_gb is used for automatic memory allocator (as long as measurement of max required size is not implemented) * remove unused forward_batch function * add debug asserts in ggml_allocr_alloc to some common pitfalls when using this function directly * only use ggml_allocr_alloc when tensor has NULL data and is no view * fix test when to create temporary backward graph temporary backward graph is only necessary when using checkpointing * fix memory "leak" in optimizers each iteration a new cplan with new memory for work data was allocated. now cplan creation only happens at the start of optimization, with each iteration reusing the cplan and its work data. * reverse order of for loop in ggml_build_backward_expand to save memory when using gradient checkpointing and allocator with this loop order gradient checkpointing with allocator on 16 layer model saves 13% memory; 2 layer memory it saves 2% memory. the computation results are the same * add missing lctx argument to get_example_targets_batch * implement llama model file saving using gguf checkpoint loading and saving disabled, to be replaced by loading and saving via gguf * implement loading/saving of checkpointing files using GGUF * bug fixes * add checkpoint file version for future compatibility * update readme with gguf filenames * save & load opt->just_initialized value * add first draft for checkpoint conversion script * add gguf arch and ftype * save opt parameter counter as uint64 * add gguf key and tensor names for optimizer and training * add layer_norm_rms_eps to checkpoint convert script * use same GGUF_GET_KEY macro as in llama.cpp * use norm_rms_eps, and rope parameters and command line options to set them * fix memory corruption bug in gguf ctx->kv and ctx->infos was reallocated using not-aligned realloc, but freed with aligned free. to fix this a GGML_ALIGNED_REALLOC was added, but there is no posix_memalign_realloc function. so on non-windows and non-mingw32 platforms we fall back to aligned malloc, followed by copying and freeing the old data. * add gguf example cmake file * bug fixes in tokenize_file * bug fixes in load_llama_model_gguf * bug fix: init model when no checkpoint was loaded * bug fix in read_tensor_by_name * bug fix in load_opt_context_gguf * avoid printing lots of spaced on the unusual case that loss gets nan * set name of tensors with empty name from what was read from gguf * remove trailing whitespace * print data checksums before saving and after loading to verify correctness * bug fixes for convert-train-checkpoint-to-gguf * temporarily add code to write old checkpoint files used to verify that old checkpoint files are correctly converted to gguf * bug fixes for convert-train-checkpoint-to-gguf.py loading checkpoints with opt_version=0 * remove code used to verify correctness of checkpoint file conversion * remove trailing whitespace * remove prediction related code use main for prediction, it is better optimized * update train-text-from-scratch README.md * fix non-windows GGML_ALIGNED_REALLOC * add missing blank line at end of file * remove GGML_ALIGNED_REALLOC and use normal malloc/realloc/free for gguf ctx->kv & ctx->infos * train : fix compile warnings --------- Co-authored-by: Georgi Gerganov <ggerganov@gmail.com>
2023-08-28 19:51:47 +00:00
./bin/main -m ggml-shakespeare-256x16-f32.gguf
train : improved training-from-scratch example (#1652) * add python wrapper https://gist.github.com/abetlen/2b90e5f153f6efd00931d098de5c73ce * fix decoding error. adds errors=ignore parameter * add python bindings for functions to get and set the whole llama state (rng, logits, embedding and kv_cache) * update python bindings * add text generating baby-llama from scratch example * fix race condition bug in ggml_compute_forward_diag_mask_f32 * implement ggml_soft_max_back for more performant backward pass of soft_max avoids creating big intermediate matrices of size n_embd x n_embd for llama layers and n_vocab x n_vocab for cross entropy loss * improve softmax backward pass go from quadratic runtime to linear runtime by simplifying the formulas * fix race condition bug in non-inplace ggml_compute_forward_diag_mask_f32 memcpy needs to be synchronized across threads to avoid race conditions. => do it in INIT phase * fix bug in ggml_compute_forward_soft_max_back_f32 on DEBUG build * improve performance of mul_mat backward pass avoid transpose by using mul_mat with swapped arguments * avoid printing too much newlines in baby-llama-text * activate threading in baby-llama-text * add ggml_out_prod and use it for mul_mat backward pass for improved performance performance stats report improvement from 37 seconds to 16 seconds runtime during my training tests * better weight initialization improves training convergence at start * better weight initialization improves training convergence at start * improve ggml_out_prod performance - change iteration order (>15s -> 10s runtime) - parallelize over one more dimension: over dst matrix rows (10s -> <5s runtime) * add llama sampler, shuffle samples and constrain sampling to tokens occurring in train data * fix get_samples call, add model tensor names, increase model size, start training samples after newline * save train trained model to checkpoint and load model to be trained from checkpoint * use inplace functions where possible * initialize rng with srand * use different arguments for input and output checkpoint * ggml fixes to support backward pass on inplace operations * remove duplicate include * fix cross entropy loss - add target probabilities for each sample which is then used in cross entropy loss * print used memory before and after optimization * sample with non-greedy sampling parameters at the end of training * add cmake target for baby-llama-text * add ggml_add1_inplace to header * enable gradient propagation for inplace add1 and scale operations those functions backward passes don't need the original src0, so they also work when forward is inplace * implement AdamW in ggml_opt_adam by adding weight decay parameter (default 0.001f) also add a schedule parameter (default 1.0f) that can be used to scale alpha and decay according to learning schedule. setting the decay parameter to zero disables AdamW resulting in normal Adam optimizer. since the difference between Adam and AdamW is minimal it is not implemented as another optimizer, but integrated into the existing Adam optimizer. * use inplace operations in cross_entropy_loss * fix random weight initialization scale * add missing default parameters for adam optimizer * add ggml_opt_context, so that we can properly resume training otherwise the optimizer states, tracking statistics about the error function and its derivates, will reset to zero each time ggml_opt is called, hindering convergence on resumed training. now the optimizer context and all its memory is stored in a separate struct. * fix bug in llama_sample_token_mirostat_v2 when all candidates are filtered out through mu threshold, the following soft_max operation will fail. so keep at least one. * add forward function without using cache, for more performant training during training on whole samples no cache is required. removing the cache and simplifying the remaining code results in performance and memory usage improvement. * print suppressed newline tokens as string "\n" printing too much actual newlines is suppressed to avoid flooding the console. * store optimizer state in training checkpoint and add learning schedule persistent optimizer state allows to resume training without resetting the optimizer learning schedule consists of linear warmup ramp followed by cosine decay with restarts * remove unused functions * fix bug in get_samples which corrupted training targets * save checkpoint only when it was trained * simplify code * remove trailing whitespace * simplify backward pass for SQRT * replace inefficient repeat backward pass with dedicated repeat_back operation * add ggml_cross_entropy_loss with backward pass for faster training cross entropy loss can also be implemented using softmax and log, but as dedicated operation it is faster and especially avoids unnecessary memory overhead. * add tests for cross_entropy_loss backward pass finite differences regularly results in estimated gradient of zero, despite the backward pass giving non zero gradient. _probably_ the finite differences fails due to numerical issues * use ggml_cross_entropy_loss in text training example * remove trailing whitespace * slightly improve how cross entropy loss is compute btw: directly implemented cross entropy loss seems to have way lower magnitudes than when implemented with softmax and log. probably the input to log gets closer to zero due to float numerics. maybe the multiplication by (1.0-eps)/sum is more accurate.. * add llama_get_vocab to get the vocabulary as output parameters * set default model.type for unknown models with few layers * add export of training checkpoint to llama compatible model file * get vocabulary for exporting training checkpoint to llama compatible model file * implement backward pass of flash attention * bugfixes for backward pass of flash attention * test flash attention backward pass need to set loose error bounds to pass. the finitie differences are close to numeric limits and often return quite different values than the backward pass. reducing eps further lets the gradients vanish completely. likewise setting eps to big results in wronger values. the softmax in the middle of the function is probably the most responsible for the numeric issues using finite differences. * add option to train with flash attention and move options to the top of the main function training from scratch also works with flash attention training convergence and generation results after fix number of iterations are worse than when not using flash attention. maybe there still lingers a bug in the flash attention backward pass? but training works, just with slower convergence. flash attention is still worth to use, because it requires way less memory and is faster with high n_ctx * add train_params and command line option parser * remove unnecessary comments * add train params to specify memory size * remove python bindings * rename baby-llama-text to train-text-from-scratch * replace auto parameters in lambda function * add #include <climits> * add explicit cast to fix compile error "error: non-constant-expression cannot be narrowed from type 'int64_t' (aka 'long long') to 'uint32_t' (aka 'unsigned int') in initializer list [-Wc++11-narrowing]" * remove trailing whitespace * add ggml_opt_resume_g which accepts forward and backward cgraphs * fix formulas in comments * bug fix for ggml_compute_forward_get_rows_back_f32 the result should be set to zero, not to whatever data is in opt0 * improve training memory usage with scratch buffers instead of relying on the automatic backward pass, we manually create the graph for the backward pass. it turns out that all backward pass operations need only temporary memory which can be reused after each layer. will compute backward pass for ALL model parameters * add option to use scratch buffers in training or not make it configurable because currently training with scratch buffers implies flash attention and optimization over all parameters. * ci : disable temporary * store view offset and permute axes in opt[0] instead of storing it in padding use memcpy to store offset, because offset is of type size_t. when storing it as int32_t offset would have to be smaller than 2^31 which is not necessarily true. * minor : fix compile warnings + minor style changes * fix bug in threaded indices calculation of ggml_compute_forward_flash_attn_back_f32 * store view offset like in master branch * bug fix in forward_batch_wo_cache_flash_attn_train * scratch buffer bug fixes in forward_batch_wo_cache_flash_attn_train data of permute and reshape is the same as their input. if we want to preserve the output of permute/reshape, we also need to preserve their inputs. replace reshape(src0, src1) with reshape_nd calls so that we don't need src1. replace (temporary) t03 with ggml_repeat(ctx0, layer.attention_norm, t02). in the future we could also use the new broadcasting ggml_mul to avoid these repeat calls. for this we need backward pass of broadcasting ggml_mul. * remove unnecessary scratch buffer 0 buf 0 is persistent memory, so we can just disable scratch for this by using buf -1 * avoid creating unnecessary grad tensors previously we need to create grads for model parameters, so that expand(..) correctly populates cgraph->leafs & cgraph->grads this wasted memory, because unnecessary grad for each op were automatically created: the automatically generated grad was unnecessary because we later manually set the grad (e.g. t35->grad = expand(gb, ...) ). this discarded the automatically generated grad resulting in wasted memory. improved this by changing expand(..) to not use ggml_build_forward_expand. expand set cgraph->nodes but not the leafs. cgraph->leafs & cgraph->grads are set in another pass after the last expand call. * print used training seed * zero initialize gfbuf and gbbuf * ci : re-enable workflows + add README for training --------- Co-authored-by: Georgi Gerganov <ggerganov@gmail.com>
2023-06-13 19:04:40 +00:00
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