diff --git a/examples/perplexity/perplexity.cpp b/examples/perplexity/perplexity.cpp
index 87347135e..50771ce99 100644
--- a/examples/perplexity/perplexity.cpp
+++ b/examples/perplexity/perplexity.cpp
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 #include <cstdio>
 #include <cstring>
 #include <ctime>
+#include <cinttypes>
 #include <fstream>
 #include <mutex>
 #include <random>
@@ -103,7 +104,7 @@ static std::vector<float> softmax(const std::vector<float>& logits) {
     return probs;
 }
 
-static results_log_softmax log_softmax(int n_vocab, const float * logits, int tok) {
+static results_log_softmax log_softmax(int64_t n_vocab, const float * logits, int tok) {
     float max_logit = logits[0];
     for (int i = 1; i < n_vocab; ++i) {
         max_logit = std::max(max_logit, logits[i]);
@@ -122,7 +123,7 @@ static inline int nearest_int(float fval) {
     return (i & 0x007fffff) - 0x00400000;
 }
 
-static double log_softmax(int n_vocab, const float * logits, uint16_t * log_prob, int tok) {
+static double log_softmax(int64_t n_vocab, const float * logits, uint16_t * log_prob, int tok) {
     float max_logit = logits[0];
     float min_logit = logits[0];
     for (int i = 1; i < n_vocab; ++i) {
@@ -153,7 +154,7 @@ static double log_softmax(int n_vocab, const float * logits, uint16_t * log_prob
 }
 
 static void process_logits(
-    int n_vocab, const float * logits, const int * tokens, int n_token, std::vector<std::thread> & workers,
+    int64_t n_vocab, const float * logits, const int * tokens, int n_token, std::vector<std::thread> & workers,
     double & nll, double & nll2, float * logit_history, float * prob_history
 ) {
     std::mutex mutex;
@@ -187,7 +188,7 @@ static void process_logits(
     }
 }
 
-static void process_logits(std::ostream& out, int n_vocab, const float * logits, const int * tokens, int n_token,
+static void process_logits(std::ostream& out, int64_t n_vocab, const float * logits, const int * tokens, int n_token,
         std::vector<std::thread> & workers, std::vector<uint16_t> & log_probs, double & nll, double & nll2) {
     std::mutex mutex;
     const int nv = 2*((n_vocab + 1)/2) + 4;
@@ -234,7 +235,7 @@ struct kl_divergence_result {
     size_t count            = 0.0;
 };
 
-static std::pair<double, float> log_softmax(int n_vocab, const float * logits, const uint16_t * base_log_prob, int tok, kl_divergence_result & kld) {
+static std::pair<double, float> log_softmax(int64_t n_vocab, const float * logits, const uint16_t * base_log_prob, int tok, kl_divergence_result & kld) {
     float max_logit = logits[0];
     int imax = 0;
     for (int i = 1; i < n_vocab; ++i) {
@@ -281,7 +282,9 @@ static std::pair<double, float> log_softmax(int n_vocab, const float * logits, c
     kld.sum_kld  += sum;
     kld.sum_kld2 += sum*sum;
     ++kld.count;
-    if (imax == imax_base) ++kld.n_same_top;
+    if (imax == imax_base) {
+        ++kld.n_same_top;
+    }
 
     const float p_base = expf(-nll_base);
     const float p = expf(-nll);
@@ -295,7 +298,7 @@ static std::pair<double, float> log_softmax(int n_vocab, const float * logits, c
     return std::make_pair(sum, p_diff);
 }
 
-static void process_logits(int n_vocab, const float * logits, const int * tokens, int n_token,
+static void process_logits(int64_t n_vocab, const float * logits, const int * tokens, int n_token,
         std::vector<std::thread> & workers, const std::vector<uint16_t> & base_log_probs, kl_divergence_result & kld,
         float * kld_values, float * p_diff_values) {
     std::mutex mutex;
@@ -383,9 +386,10 @@ static results_perplexity perplexity_v2(llama_context * ctx, const gpt_params &
     const int n_chunk_max = (tokens.size() - calc_chunk + params.ppl_stride - 1)  / params.ppl_stride;
 
     const int n_chunk = params.n_chunks < 0 ? n_chunk_max : std::min(params.n_chunks, n_chunk_max);
-    const int n_vocab = llama_n_vocab(llama_get_model(ctx));
     const int n_batch = params.n_batch;
 
+    const int64_t n_vocab = llama_n_vocab(llama_get_model(ctx));
+
     int count = 0;
     double nll = 0.0;
 
@@ -521,9 +525,10 @@ static results_perplexity perplexity(llama_context * ctx, const gpt_params & par
     const int n_chunk_max = tokens.size() / n_ctx;
 
     const int n_chunk = params.n_chunks < 0 ? n_chunk_max : std::min(params.n_chunks, n_chunk_max);
-    const int n_vocab = llama_n_vocab(llama_get_model(ctx));
     const int n_batch = params.n_batch;
 
+    const int64_t n_vocab = llama_n_vocab(llama_get_model(ctx));
+
     int count = 0;
     double nll = 0.0;
     double nll2 = 0.0;
@@ -723,7 +728,7 @@ static bool decode_helper(llama_context * ctx, llama_batch & batch, std::vector<
 
 #define K_TOKEN_CHUNK 4
 
-static void compute_logprobs(const float * batch_logits, int n_vocab, std::vector<std::thread>& workers,
+static void compute_logprobs(const float * batch_logits, int64_t n_vocab, std::vector<std::thread>& workers,
         const std::vector<std::pair<size_t, llama_token>>& eval_pairs, std::vector<float>& eval_results) {
     if (eval_results.size() != eval_pairs.size()) {
         eval_results.resize(eval_pairs.size());
@@ -877,10 +882,11 @@ static void hellaswag_score(llama_context * ctx, const gpt_params & params) {
 
     double acc = 0.0f;
 
-    const int n_vocab = llama_n_vocab(llama_get_model(ctx));
     const int n_ctx   = llama_n_ctx(ctx);
     const int n_batch = params.n_batch;
 
+    const int64_t n_vocab = llama_n_vocab(llama_get_model(ctx));
+
     const int max_tasks_per_batch = 32;
     const int max_seq = std::min(4*max_tasks_per_batch, (int) llama_n_seq_max(ctx));
 
@@ -1158,10 +1164,11 @@ static void winogrande_score(llama_context * ctx, const gpt_params & params) {
 
     LOG_INF("%s : calculating winogrande score over selected tasks.\n", __func__);
 
-    const int n_vocab = llama_n_vocab(llama_get_model(ctx));
     const int n_ctx   = llama_n_ctx(ctx);
     const int n_batch = params.n_batch;
 
+    const int64_t n_vocab = llama_n_vocab(llama_get_model(ctx));
+
     const int max_tasks_per_batch = 128;
     const int max_seq = std::min(2*max_tasks_per_batch, (int) llama_n_seq_max(ctx));
 
@@ -1509,10 +1516,11 @@ static void multiple_choice_score(llama_context * ctx, const gpt_params & params
 
     LOG("\ntask\tacc_norm\n");
 
-    const int n_vocab = llama_n_vocab(llama_get_model(ctx));
     const int n_ctx   = llama_n_ctx(ctx);
     const int n_batch = params.n_batch;
 
+    const int64_t n_vocab = llama_n_vocab(llama_get_model(ctx));
+
     const int max_tasks_per_batch = 32;
     const int max_seq = std::min(4*max_tasks_per_batch, (int) llama_n_seq_max(ctx));
 
@@ -1709,7 +1717,8 @@ static void kl_divergence(llama_context * ctx, const gpt_params & params) {
                 __func__, params.logits_file.c_str(), n_ctx, params.n_ctx);
     }
 
-    int n_vocab, n_chunk;
+    int64_t n_vocab;
+    int64_t n_chunk;
     in.read((char *)&n_vocab, sizeof(n_vocab));
     in.read((char *)&n_chunk, sizeof(n_chunk));
     if (in.fail()) {
@@ -1717,7 +1726,7 @@ static void kl_divergence(llama_context * ctx, const gpt_params & params) {
         return;
     }
     if (n_vocab != llama_n_vocab(llama_get_model(ctx))) {
-        LOG_ERR("%s: inconsistent vocabulary (%d vs %d)\n", __func__, n_vocab, llama_n_vocab(llama_get_model(ctx)));
+        LOG_ERR("%s: inconsistent vocabulary (%" PRId64 " vs %d)\n", __func__, n_vocab, llama_n_vocab(llama_get_model(ctx)));
     }
 
     std::vector<llama_token> tokens(n_ctx * n_chunk);