from __future__ import annotations
from abc import ABC, ABCMeta, abstractmethod

import logging
from typing import Any, Callable

import numpy as np
from numpy.typing import DTypeLike


logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)


class LazyMeta(ABCMeta):

    def __new__(cls, name: str, bases: tuple[type, ...], namespace: dict[str, Any], **kwargs):
        def __getattr__(self, name: str) -> Any:
            meta_attr = getattr(self._meta, name)
            if callable(meta_attr):
                return type(self)._wrap_fn(
                    (lambda s, *args, **kwargs: getattr(s, name)(*args, **kwargs)),
                    use_self=self,
                )
            elif isinstance(meta_attr, self._tensor_type):
                # e.g. self.T with torch.Tensor should still be wrapped
                return type(self)._wrap_fn(lambda s: getattr(s, name))(self)
            else:
                # no need to wrap non-tensor properties,
                # and they likely don't depend on the actual contents of the tensor
                return meta_attr

        namespace["__getattr__"] = __getattr__

        # need to make a builder for the wrapped wrapper to copy the name,
        # or else it fails with very cryptic error messages,
        # because somehow the same string would end up in every closures
        def mk_wrap(op_name: str, *, meta_noop: bool = False):
            # need to wrap the wrapper to get self
            def wrapped_special_op(self, *args, **kwargs):
                return type(self)._wrap_fn(
                    getattr(type(self)._tensor_type, op_name),
                    meta_noop=meta_noop,
                )(self, *args, **kwargs)
            return wrapped_special_op

        # special methods bypass __getattr__, so they need to be added manually
        # ref: https://docs.python.org/3/reference/datamodel.html#special-lookup
        # NOTE: doing this from a metaclass is very convenient
        # TODO: make this even more comprehensive
        for binary_op in (
            "lt", "le", "eq", "ne", "ge", "gt", "not"
            "abs", "add", "and", "floordiv", "invert", "lshift", "mod", "mul", "matmul",
            "neg", "or", "pos", "pow", "rshift", "sub", "truediv", "xor",
            "iadd", "iand", "ifloordiv", "ilshift", "imod", "imul", "ior", "irshift", "isub", "ixor",
            "radd", "rand", "rfloordiv", "rmul", "ror", "rpow", "rsub", "rtruediv", "rxor",
        ):
            attr_name = f"__{binary_op}__"
            # the result of these operators usually has the same shape and dtype as the input,
            # so evaluation on the meta tensor can be skipped.
            namespace[attr_name] = mk_wrap(attr_name, meta_noop=True)

        for special_op in (
            "getitem", "setitem", "len",
        ):
            attr_name = f"__{special_op}__"
            namespace[attr_name] = mk_wrap(attr_name, meta_noop=False)

        return super().__new__(cls, name, bases, namespace, **kwargs)


# Tree of lazy tensors
class LazyBase(ABC, metaclass=LazyMeta):
    _tensor_type: type
    _meta: Any
    _data: Any | None
    _args: tuple
    _kwargs: dict[str, Any]
    _func: Callable[[Any], Any] | None

    def __init__(self, *, meta: Any, data: Any | None = None, args: tuple = (), kwargs: dict[str, Any] | None = None, func: Callable[[Any], Any] | None = None):
        super().__init__()
        self._meta = meta
        self._data = data
        self._args = args
        self._kwargs = kwargs if kwargs is not None else {}
        self._func = func
        assert self._func is not None or self._data is not None

    def __init_subclass__(cls) -> None:
        if "_tensor_type" not in cls.__dict__:
            raise TypeError(f"property '_tensor_type' must be defined for {cls!r}")
        return super().__init_subclass__()

    @staticmethod
    def _recurse_apply(o: Any, fn: Callable[[Any], Any]) -> Any:
        # TODO: dict and set
        if isinstance(o, (list, tuple)):
            L = []
            for item in o:
                L.append(LazyBase._recurse_apply(item, fn))
            if isinstance(o, tuple):
                L = tuple(L)
            return L
        elif isinstance(o, LazyBase):
            return fn(o)
        else:
            return o

    @classmethod
    def _wrap_fn(cls, fn: Callable, *, use_self: LazyBase | None = None, meta_noop: bool | DTypeLike | tuple[DTypeLike, Callable[[tuple[int, ...]], tuple[int, ...]]] = False) -> Callable[[Any], Any]:
        def wrapped_fn(*args, **kwargs):
            if kwargs is None:
                kwargs = {}
            args = ((use_self,) if use_self is not None else ()) + args

            meta_args = LazyBase._recurse_apply(args, lambda t: t._meta)
            # TODO: maybe handle tensors in kwargs too

            if isinstance(meta_noop, bool) and not meta_noop:
                try:
                    res = fn(*meta_args, **kwargs)
                except NotImplementedError:
                    # running some operations on PyTorch's Meta tensors can cause this exception
                    res = None
            else:
                # some operators don't need to actually run on the meta tensors
                assert len(args) > 0
                res = args[0]
                assert isinstance(res, cls)
                res = res._meta
                # allow operations to override the dtype and shape
                if meta_noop is not True:
                    if isinstance(meta_noop, tuple):
                        dtype, shape = meta_noop
                        assert callable(shape)
                        res = cls.meta_with_dtype_and_shape(dtype, shape(res.shape))
                    else:
                        res = cls.meta_with_dtype_and_shape(meta_noop, res.shape)

            if isinstance(res, cls._tensor_type):
                return cls(meta=cls.eager_to_meta(res), args=args, kwargs=kwargs, func=fn)
            else:
                del res  # not needed
                # non-tensor return likely relies on the contents of the args
                # (e.g. the result of torch.equal)
                eager_args = cls.to_eager(args)
                return fn(*eager_args, **kwargs)
        return wrapped_fn

    @classmethod
    def to_eager(cls, t: Any) -> Any:
        def simple_to_eager(_t: LazyBase) -> Any:
            if _t._data is not None:
                return _t._data

            # NOTE: there's a recursion limit in Python (usually 1000)

            assert _t._func is not None
            _t._args = cls._recurse_apply(_t._args, simple_to_eager)
            _t._data = _t._func(*_t._args, **_t._kwargs)
            # sanity check
            assert _t._data is not None
            assert _t._data.dtype == _t._meta.dtype
            assert _t._data.shape == _t._meta.shape

            return _t._data

        # recurse into lists and/or tuples, keeping their structure
        return cls._recurse_apply(t, simple_to_eager)

    @classmethod
    def eager_to_meta(cls, t: Any) -> Any:
        return cls.meta_with_dtype_and_shape(t.dtype, t.shape)

    # must be overridden, meta tensor init is backend-specific
    @classmethod
    @abstractmethod
    def meta_with_dtype_and_shape(cls, dtype: Any, shape: Any) -> Any: pass

    @classmethod
    def from_eager(cls, t: Any) -> Any:
        if type(t) is cls:
            # already lazy
            return t
        elif isinstance(t, cls._tensor_type):
            return cls(meta=cls.eager_to_meta(t), data=t)
        else:
            return TypeError(f"{type(t)!r} is not compatible with {cls._tensor_type!r}")


class LazyNumpyTensor(LazyBase):
    _tensor_type = np.ndarray

    @classmethod
    def meta_with_dtype_and_shape(cls, dtype: DTypeLike, shape: tuple[int, ...]) -> np.ndarray[Any, Any]:
        # The initial idea was to use np.nan as the fill value,
        # but non-float types like np.int16 can't use that.
        # So zero it is.
        cheat = np.zeros(1, dtype)
        return np.lib.stride_tricks.as_strided(cheat, shape, (0 for _ in shape))

    def astype(self, dtype, *args, **kwargs):
        meta = type(self).meta_with_dtype_and_shape(dtype, self._meta.shape)
        full_args = (self, dtype,) + args
        return type(self)(meta=meta, args=full_args, kwargs=kwargs, func=(lambda a, *args, **kwargs: a.astype(*args, **kwargs)))

    def tofile(self, *args, **kwargs):
        eager = LazyNumpyTensor.to_eager(self)
        return eager.tofile(*args, **kwargs)

    # TODO: __array_function__