llama.cpp/common/common.h

// Various helper functions and utilities

#pragma once

#include "llama.h"

#include <functional>
#include <queue>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <sstream>
#include <unordered_map>

#ifdef _WIN32
#define DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR '\\'
#else
#define DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR '/'
#endif // _WIN32

#define die(msg)          do { fputs("error: " msg "\n", stderr);                exit(1); } while (0)
#define die_fmt(fmt, ...) do { fprintf(stderr, "error: " fmt "\n", __VA_ARGS__); exit(1); } while (0)

#define print_build_info() do {                                                                     \
    fprintf(stderr, "%s: build = %d (%s)\n",      __func__, LLAMA_BUILD_NUMBER, LLAMA_COMMIT);      \
    fprintf(stderr, "%s: built with %s for %s\n", __func__, LLAMA_COMPILER, LLAMA_BUILD_TARGET);    \
} while(0)

#define DEFAULT_MODEL_PATH "models/7B/ggml-model-f16.gguf"

// Forward declaration
namespace minja { class chat_template; }

struct common_lora_adapter_info {
    std::string path;
    float scale;
};

struct common_lora_adapter_container : common_lora_adapter_info {
    struct llama_lora_adapter * adapter;
};

// build info
extern int LLAMA_BUILD_NUMBER;
extern char const * LLAMA_COMMIT;
extern char const * LLAMA_COMPILER;
extern char const * LLAMA_BUILD_TARGET;

struct common_control_vector_load_info;

//
// CPU utils
//

struct cpu_params {
    int      n_threads                   = -1;
    bool     cpumask[GGML_MAX_N_THREADS] = {false}; // CPU affinity mask.
    bool     mask_valid                  = false;   // Default: any CPU
    enum ggml_sched_priority  priority   = GGML_SCHED_PRIO_NORMAL;  // Scheduling prio : (0 - normal, 1 - medium, 2 - high, 3 - realtime)
    bool     strict_cpu                  = false;   // Use strict CPU placement
    uint32_t poll                        = 50;      // Polling (busywait) level (0 - no polling, 100 - mostly polling)
};

int32_t cpu_get_num_physical_cores();
int32_t cpu_get_num_math();

//
// Common params
//

enum llama_example {
    LLAMA_EXAMPLE_COMMON,
    LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SPECULATIVE,
    LLAMA_EXAMPLE_MAIN,
    LLAMA_EXAMPLE_INFILL,
    LLAMA_EXAMPLE_EMBEDDING,
    LLAMA_EXAMPLE_PERPLEXITY,
    LLAMA_EXAMPLE_RETRIEVAL,
    LLAMA_EXAMPLE_PASSKEY,
    LLAMA_EXAMPLE_IMATRIX,
    LLAMA_EXAMPLE_BENCH,
    LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SERVER,
    LLAMA_EXAMPLE_CVECTOR_GENERATOR,
    LLAMA_EXAMPLE_EXPORT_LORA,
    LLAMA_EXAMPLE_LLAVA,
    LLAMA_EXAMPLE_LOOKUP,
    LLAMA_EXAMPLE_PARALLEL,

    LLAMA_EXAMPLE_COUNT,
};

enum common_sampler_type {
    COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_NONE        = 0,
    COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_TOP_K       = 1,
    COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_TOP_P       = 2,
    COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_MIN_P       = 3,
    COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_TFS_Z       = 4,
    COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_TYPICAL_P   = 5,
    COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_TEMPERATURE = 6,
    COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_XTC         = 7,
    COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_INFILL      = 8,
};

// dimensionality reduction methods, used by cvector-generator
enum dimre_method {
    DIMRE_METHOD_PCA,
    DIMRE_METHOD_MEAN,
};

// sampler parameters
struct common_sampler_params {
    uint32_t seed = LLAMA_DEFAULT_SEED; // the seed used to initialize llama_sampler

    int32_t n_prev            = 64;    // number of previous tokens to remember
    int32_t n_probs           = 0;     // if greater than 0, output the probabilities of top n_probs tokens.
    int32_t min_keep          = 0;     // 0 = disabled, otherwise samplers should return at least min_keep tokens
    int32_t top_k             = 40;    // <= 0 to use vocab size
    float   top_p             = 0.95f; // 1.0 = disabled
    float   min_p             = 0.05f; // 0.0 = disabled
    float   xtc_probability   = 0.00f; // 0.0 = disabled
    float   xtc_threshold     = 0.10f; // > 0.5 disables XTC
    float   tfs_z             = 1.00f; // 1.0 = disabled
    float   typ_p             = 1.00f; // typical_p, 1.0 = disabled
    float   temp              = 0.80f; // <= 0.0 to sample greedily, 0.0 to not output probabilities
    float   dynatemp_range    = 0.00f; // 0.0 = disabled
    float   dynatemp_exponent = 1.00f; // controls how entropy maps to temperature in dynamic temperature sampler
    int32_t penalty_last_n    = 64;    // last n tokens to penalize (0 = disable penalty, -1 = context size)
    float   penalty_repeat    = 1.00f; // 1.0 = disabled
    float   penalty_freq      = 0.00f; // 0.0 = disabled
    float   penalty_present   = 0.00f; // 0.0 = disabled
    int32_t mirostat          = 0;     // 0 = disabled, 1 = mirostat, 2 = mirostat 2.0
    float   mirostat_tau      = 5.00f; // target entropy
    float   mirostat_eta      = 0.10f; // learning rate
    bool    penalize_nl       = false; // consider newlines as a repeatable token
    bool    ignore_eos        = false;
    bool    no_perf           = false; // disable performance metrics


    std::vector<enum common_sampler_type> samplers = {
        COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_TOP_K,
        COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_TFS_Z,
        COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_TYPICAL_P,
        COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_TOP_P,
        COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_MIN_P,
        COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_XTC,
        COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_TEMPERATURE,
    };

    std::string grammar; // optional BNF-like grammar to constrain sampling
    std::vector<std::string> grammar_trigger_words; // optional trigger words to enable grammar

    std::vector<llama_logit_bias> logit_bias; // logit biases to apply

    // print the parameters into a string
    std::string print() const;
};

struct common_params {
    int32_t n_predict             =    -1; // new tokens to predict
    int32_t n_ctx                 =     0; // context size
    int32_t n_batch               =  2048; // logical batch size for prompt processing (must be >=32 to use BLAS)
    int32_t n_ubatch              =   512; // physical batch size for prompt processing (must be >=32 to use BLAS)
    int32_t n_keep                =     0; // number of tokens to keep from initial prompt
    int32_t n_draft               =     5; // number of tokens to draft during speculative decoding
    int32_t n_chunks              =    -1; // max number of chunks to process (-1 = unlimited)
    int32_t n_parallel            =     1; // number of parallel sequences to decode
    int32_t n_sequences           =     1; // number of sequences to decode
    float   p_split               =  0.1f; // speculative decoding split probability
    int32_t n_gpu_layers          =    -1; // number of layers to store in VRAM (-1 - use default)
    int32_t n_gpu_layers_draft    =    -1; // number of layers to store in VRAM for the draft model (-1 - use default)
    int32_t main_gpu              =     0; // the GPU that is used for scratch and small tensors
    float   tensor_split[128]     =   {0}; // how split tensors should be distributed across GPUs
    int32_t grp_attn_n            =     1; // group-attention factor
    int32_t grp_attn_w            =   512; // group-attention width
    int32_t n_print               =    -1; // print token count every n tokens (-1 = disabled)
    float   rope_freq_base        =  0.0f; // RoPE base frequency
    float   rope_freq_scale       =  0.0f; // RoPE frequency scaling factor
    float   yarn_ext_factor       = -1.0f; // YaRN extrapolation mix factor
    float   yarn_attn_factor      =  1.0f; // YaRN magnitude scaling factor
    float   yarn_beta_fast        = 32.0f; // YaRN low correction dim
    float   yarn_beta_slow        =  1.0f; // YaRN high correction dim
    int32_t yarn_orig_ctx         =     0; // YaRN original context length
    float   defrag_thold          = -1.0f; // KV cache defragmentation threshold

    struct cpu_params cpuparams;
    struct cpu_params cpuparams_batch;
    struct cpu_params draft_cpuparams;
    struct cpu_params draft_cpuparams_batch;

    ggml_backend_sched_eval_callback cb_eval = nullptr;
    void * cb_eval_user_data                 = nullptr;

    ggml_numa_strategy numa = GGML_NUMA_STRATEGY_DISABLED;

    enum llama_split_mode        split_mode        = LLAMA_SPLIT_MODE_LAYER; // how to split the model across GPUs
    enum llama_rope_scaling_type rope_scaling_type = LLAMA_ROPE_SCALING_TYPE_UNSPECIFIED;
    enum llama_pooling_type      pooling_type      = LLAMA_POOLING_TYPE_UNSPECIFIED; // pooling type for embeddings
    enum llama_attention_type    attention_type    = LLAMA_ATTENTION_TYPE_UNSPECIFIED; // attention type for embeddings

    struct common_sampler_params sparams;

    std::string model                = ""; // model path                                                    // NOLINT
    std::string model_draft          = ""; // draft model for speculative decoding                          // NOLINT
    std::string model_alias          = "unknown"; // model alias                                            // NOLINT
    std::string model_url            = ""; // model url to download                                         // NOLINT
    std::string hf_token             = ""; // HF token                                                      // NOLINT
    std::string hf_repo              = ""; // HF repo                                                       // NOLINT
    std::string hf_file              = ""; // HF file                                                       // NOLINT
    std::string prompt               = "";                                                                  // NOLINT
    std::string prompt_file          = ""; // store the external prompt file name                           // NOLINT
    std::string path_prompt_cache    = ""; // path to file for saving/loading prompt eval state             // NOLINT
    std::string input_prefix         = ""; // string to prefix user inputs with                             // NOLINT
    std::string input_suffix         = ""; // string to suffix user inputs with                             // NOLINT
    std::string logdir               = ""; // directory in which to save YAML log files                     // NOLINT
    std::string lookup_cache_static  = ""; // path of static ngram cache file for lookup decoding           // NOLINT
    std::string lookup_cache_dynamic = ""; // path of dynamic ngram cache file for lookup decoding          // NOLINT
    std::string logits_file          = ""; // file for saving *all* logits                                  // NOLINT
    std::string rpc_servers          = ""; // comma separated list of RPC servers                           // NOLINT

    std::vector<std::string> in_files;   // all input files
    std::vector<std::string> antiprompt; // strings upon which more user input is prompted (a.k.a. reverse prompts)
    std::vector<llama_model_kv_override> kv_overrides;

    bool lora_init_without_apply = false; // only load lora to memory, but do not apply it to ctx (user can manually apply lora later using llama_lora_adapter_apply)
    std::vector<common_lora_adapter_info> lora_adapters; // lora adapter path with user defined scale

    std::vector<common_control_vector_load_info> control_vectors; // control vector with user defined scale

    int32_t verbosity                  = 0;
    int32_t control_vector_layer_start = -1; // layer range for control vector
    int32_t control_vector_layer_end   = -1; // layer range for control vector

    int32_t ppl_stride      = 0;     // stride for perplexity calculations. If left at 0, the pre-existing approach will be used.
    int32_t ppl_output_type = 0;     // = 0 -> ppl output is as usual, = 1 -> ppl output is num_tokens, ppl, one per line
                                     //                                       (which is more convenient to use for plotting)
                                     //
    bool   hellaswag        = false; // compute HellaSwag score over random tasks from datafile supplied in prompt
    size_t hellaswag_tasks  = 400;   // number of tasks to use when computing the HellaSwag score

    bool   winogrande       = false; // compute Winogrande score over random tasks from datafile supplied in prompt
    size_t winogrande_tasks = 0;     // number of tasks to use when computing the Winogrande score. If 0, all tasks will be computed

    bool   multiple_choice  = false;  // compute TruthfulQA score over random tasks from datafile supplied in prompt
    size_t multiple_choice_tasks = 0; // number of tasks to use when computing the TruthfulQA score. If 0, all tasks will be computed

    bool   kl_divergence    = false; // compute KL divergence

    bool usage             = false; // print usage
    bool use_color         = false; // use color to distinguish generations and inputs
    bool special           = false; // enable special token output
    bool interactive       = false; // interactive mode
    bool interactive_first = false; // wait for user input immediately
    bool conversation      = false; // conversation mode (does not print special tokens and suffix/prefix)
    bool prompt_cache_all  = false; // save user input and generations to prompt cache
    bool prompt_cache_ro   = false; // open the prompt cache read-only and do not update it

    bool escape            = true;  // escape "\n", "\r", "\t", "\'", "\"", and "\\"
    bool multiline_input   = false; // reverse the usage of `\`
    bool simple_io         = false; // improves compatibility with subprocesses and limited consoles
    bool cont_batching     = true;  // insert new sequences for decoding on-the-fly
    bool flash_attn        = false; // flash attention
    bool no_perf           = false; // disable performance metrics
    bool ctx_shift         = true;  // context shift on inifinite text generation

    bool input_prefix_bos  = false; // prefix BOS to user inputs, preceding input_prefix
    bool logits_all        = false; // return logits for all tokens in the batch
    bool use_mmap          = true;  // use mmap for faster loads
    bool use_mlock         = false; // use mlock to keep model in memory
    bool verbose_prompt    = false; // print prompt tokens before generation
    bool display_prompt    = true;  // print prompt before generation
    bool dump_kv_cache     = false; // dump the KV cache contents for debugging purposes
    bool no_kv_offload     = false; // disable KV offloading
    bool warmup            = true;  // warmup run
    bool check_tensors     = false; // validate tensor data

    std::string cache_type_k = "f16"; // KV cache data type for the K
    std::string cache_type_v = "f16"; // KV cache data type for the V

    // multimodal models (see examples/llava)
    std::string mmproj = "";        // path to multimodal projector                                         // NOLINT
    std::vector<std::string> image; // path to image file(s)

    // embedding
    bool embedding         = false; // get only sentence embedding
    int32_t embd_normalize = 2;     // normalisation for embeddings (-1=none, 0=max absolute int16, 1=taxicab, 2=euclidean, >2=p-norm)
    std::string embd_out   = "";    // empty = default, "array" = [[],[]...], "json" = openai style, "json+" = same "json" + cosine similarity matrix
    std::string embd_sep   = "\n";  // separator of embeddings
    bool reranking         = false; // enable reranking support on server

    // server params
    int32_t port           = 8080;         // server listens on this network port
    int32_t timeout_read   = 600;          // http read timeout in seconds
    int32_t timeout_write  = timeout_read; // http write timeout in seconds
    int32_t n_threads_http = -1;           // number of threads to process HTTP requests (TODO: support threadpool)
    int32_t n_cache_reuse  = 0;            // min chunk size to reuse from the cache via KV shifting

    std::string hostname      = "127.0.0.1";
    std::string public_path   = "";                                                                         // NOLINT
    std::string chat_template = "";                                                                         // NOLINT
    // std::string system_prompt = "";                                                                         // NOLINT
    bool use_jinja = false;                                                                                 // NOLINT
    bool enable_chat_template = true;

    std::vector<std::string> api_keys;

    std::string ssl_file_key  = "";                                                                         // NOLINT
    std::string ssl_file_cert = "";                                                                         // NOLINT

    // "advanced" endpoints are disabled by default for better security
    bool webui            = true;
    bool endpoint_slots   = false;
    bool endpoint_props   = false; // only control POST requests, not GET
    bool endpoint_metrics = false;

    bool log_json = false;

    std::string slot_save_path;

    float slot_prompt_similarity = 0.5f;

    // batched-bench params
    bool is_pp_shared = false;

    std::vector<int32_t> n_pp;
    std::vector<int32_t> n_tg;
    std::vector<int32_t> n_pl;

    // retrieval params
    std::vector<std::string> context_files; // context files to embed

    int32_t chunk_size = 64; // chunk size for context embedding

    std::string chunk_separator = "\n"; // chunk separator for context embedding

    // passkey params
    int32_t n_junk = 250; // number of times to repeat the junk text
    int32_t i_pos  = -1;  // position of the passkey in the junk text

    // imatrix params
    std::string out_file = "imatrix.dat"; // save the resulting imatrix to this file

    int32_t n_out_freq  = 10; // output the imatrix every n_out_freq iterations
    int32_t n_save_freq =  0; // save the imatrix every n_save_freq iterations
    int32_t i_chunk     =  0; // start processing from this chunk

    bool process_output = false; // collect data for the output tensor
    bool compute_ppl    = true;  // whether to compute perplexity

    // cvector-generator params
    int n_pca_batch = 100;
    int n_pca_iterations = 1000;
    dimre_method cvector_dimre_method = DIMRE_METHOD_PCA;
    std::string cvector_outfile       = "control_vector.gguf";
    std::string cvector_positive_file = "examples/cvector-generator/positive.txt";
    std::string cvector_negative_file = "examples/cvector-generator/negative.txt";

    bool spm_infill = false; // suffix/prefix/middle pattern for infill

    std::string lora_outfile = "ggml-lora-merged-f16.gguf";

    // batched-bench params
    bool batched_bench_output_jsonl = false;
};

// call once at the start of a program if it uses libcommon
// initializes the logging system and prints info about the build
void common_init();

std::string common_params_get_system_info(const common_params & params);

bool parse_cpu_range(const std::string & range, bool(&boolmask)[GGML_MAX_N_THREADS]);
bool parse_cpu_mask(const std::string & mask, bool(&boolmask)[GGML_MAX_N_THREADS]);
void postprocess_cpu_params(cpu_params & cpuparams, const cpu_params * role_model = nullptr);
bool set_process_priority(enum ggml_sched_priority prio);

//
// String utils
//

#ifdef __GNUC__
#ifdef __MINGW32__
#define LLAMA_COMMON_ATTRIBUTE_FORMAT(...) __attribute__((format(gnu_printf, __VA_ARGS__)))
#else
#define LLAMA_COMMON_ATTRIBUTE_FORMAT(...) __attribute__((format(printf, __VA_ARGS__)))
#endif
#else
#define LLAMA_COMMON_ATTRIBUTE_FORMAT(...)
#endif

LLAMA_COMMON_ATTRIBUTE_FORMAT(1, 2)
std::string string_format(const char * fmt, ...);

std::vector<std::string> string_split(std::string input, char separator);

std::string string_strip(const std::string & str);
std::string string_get_sortable_timestamp();

void string_replace_all(std::string & s, const std::string & search, const std::string & replace);

template<class T>
static std::vector<T> string_split(const std::string & str, char delim) {
    std::vector<T> values;
    std::istringstream str_stream(str);
    std::string token;
    while (std::getline(str_stream, token, delim)) {
        T value;
        std::istringstream token_stream(token);
        token_stream >> value;
        values.push_back(value);
    }
    return values;
}

bool string_parse_kv_override(const char * data, std::vector<llama_model_kv_override> & overrides);
void string_process_escapes(std::string & input);

std::string string_from(bool value);
std::string string_from(const std::vector<int> & values);
std::string string_from(const struct llama_context * ctx, const std::vector<llama_token> & tokens);
std::string string_from(const struct llama_context * ctx, const struct llama_batch & batch);

//
// Filesystem utils
//

bool fs_validate_filename(const std::string & filename);
bool fs_create_directory_with_parents(const std::string & path);
std::vector<std::string> fs_list_files(const std::string & path, const std::string & ext);

std::string fs_get_cache_directory();
std::string fs_get_cache_file(const std::string & filename);

//
// Model utils
//

struct common_init_result {
    struct llama_model   * model   = nullptr;
    struct llama_context * context = nullptr;
    std::vector<common_lora_adapter_container> lora_adapters;
};

struct common_init_result     common_init_from_params(common_params & params);

struct llama_model_params     common_model_params_to_llama  (const common_params & params);
struct llama_context_params   common_context_params_to_llama(const common_params & params);
struct ggml_threadpool_params ggml_threadpool_params_from_cpu_params(const cpu_params & params);

struct llama_model * common_load_model_from_url(const char * model_url, const char * path_model, const char * hf_token, const struct llama_model_params & params);
struct llama_model * common_load_model_from_hf(const char * repo, const char * file, const char * path_model, const char * hf_token, const struct llama_model_params & params);

// clear LoRA adapters from context, then apply new list of adapters
void common_lora_adapters_apply(struct llama_context * ctx, std::vector<common_lora_adapter_container> & lora_adapters);

// Batch utils

void common_batch_clear(struct llama_batch & batch);

void common_batch_add(
                 struct llama_batch & batch,
                        llama_token   id,
                          llama_pos   pos,
    const std::vector<llama_seq_id> & seq_ids,
                               bool   logits);

//
// Vocab utils
//

// tokenizes a string into a vector of tokens
// should work similar to Python's `tokenizer.encode`
std::vector<llama_token> common_tokenize(
  const struct llama_context * ctx,
           const std::string & text,
                        bool   add_special,
                        bool   parse_special = false);

std::vector<llama_token> common_tokenize(
    const struct llama_model * model,
           const std::string & text,
                        bool   add_special,
                        bool   parse_special = false);

// tokenizes a token into a piece, optionally renders special/control tokens
// should work similar to Python's `tokenizer.id_to_piece`
std::string common_token_to_piece(
        const struct llama_context * ctx,
                       llama_token   token,
                       bool          special = true);

// detokenizes a vector of tokens into a string
// should work similar to Python's `tokenizer.decode`
// optionally renders special/control tokens
std::string common_detokenize(
                         llama_context * ctx,
        const std::vector<llama_token> & tokens,
                                  bool   special = true);

//
// Chat template utils
//

// same with llama_chat_message, but uses std::string
struct common_chat_msg {
    std::string role;
    std::string content;
};

// Check if the template is supported or not. Returns true if it's valid
bool common_chat_verify_template(const std::string & tmpl, bool use_jinja);

// CPP wrapper for llama_chat_apply_template
// If the built-in template is not supported, we default to chatml
// If the custom "tmpl" is not supported, we throw an error
std::string common_chat_apply_template(const struct llama_model * model,
        const std::string & tmpl,
        const std::vector<common_chat_msg> & chat,
        bool add_ass);

// Format single message, while taking into account the position of that message in chat history
std::string common_chat_format_single(const struct llama_model * model,
        const std::string & tmpl,
        const std::vector<common_chat_msg> & past_msg,
        const common_chat_msg & new_msg,
        bool add_ass);

// Returns an example of formatted chat
std::string common_chat_format_example(const struct llama_model * model,
        const std::string & tmpl);

minja::chat_template llama_chat_template_from_model(
        const struct llama_model * model,
        const char * chat_template_override = nullptr);

//
// KV cache utils
//

// Dump the KV cache view with the number of sequences per cell.
void common_kv_cache_dump_view(const llama_kv_cache_view & view, int row_size = 80);

// Dump the KV cache view showing individual sequences in each cell (long output).
void common_kv_cache_dump_view_seqs(const llama_kv_cache_view & view, int row_size = 40);

//
// Embedding utils
//

void common_embd_normalize(const float * inp, float * out, int n, int embd_norm = 2);

float common_embd_similarity_cos(const float * embd1, const float * embd2, int n);

//
// Control vector utils
//

struct common_control_vector_data {
    int n_embd;

    // stores data for layers [1, n_layer] where n_layer = data.size() / n_embd
    std::vector<float> data;
};

struct common_control_vector_load_info {
    float strength;

    std::string fname;
};

// Load control vectors, scale each by strength, and add them together.
// On error, returns {-1, empty}
common_control_vector_data common_control_vector_load(const std::vector<common_control_vector_load_info> & load_infos);

//
// Antiprompt utils
//

class llama_antiprompts {
  public:

    struct llama_antiprompt {
        std::string value;
        bool is_grammar_trigger;
    };

    std::vector<std::string> stop_words;
    std::vector<std::string> grammar_trigger_words;

private:
    // The Aho–Corasick algorithm allows efficient string matching with multiple patterns.
    // See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aho%E2%80%93Corasick_algorithm
    struct TrieNode {
        std::unordered_map<char, TrieNode*> children;
        TrieNode* fail = nullptr;
        int output = -1;
        size_t depth = 0;

        ~TrieNode() {
            clear();
        }

        void clear() {
            for (auto & pair : children) {
                delete pair.second;
            }
            children.clear();
            fail = nullptr;
            output = -1;
            depth = 0;
        }
    };

    TrieNode root;
    std::vector<llama_antiprompt> antiprompts;
    std::unordered_map<llama_token, size_t> stop_tokens; // Single token antiprompts (and their index in antiprompts), if any.

    void build_trie() {
        // root = std::unique_ptr<TrieNode>(new TrieNode());
        for (size_t i = 0; i < antiprompts.size(); ++i) {
            TrieNode* node = &root;
            const auto & pattern = antiprompts[i].value;
            for (size_t j = 0; j < pattern.length(); ++j) {
                char c = pattern[j];
                auto it = node->children.find(c);
                if (it != node->children.end()) {
                    node = it->second;
                } else {
                    node = node->children[c] = new TrieNode();
                }
                if (node->depth == 0) {
                    node->depth = j + 1;
                }
            }
            node->output = i;
        }
    }

    void build_failure_and_dict_links() {
        std::queue<TrieNode*> q;
        for (auto& child : root.children) {
            child.second->fail = &root;
            q.push(child.second);
        }

        while (!q.empty()) {
            auto node = q.front();
            q.pop();

            for (auto & pair : node->children) {
                auto & c = pair.first;
                auto & child = pair.second;
                auto f = node->fail;

                while (f != &root && f->children.find(c) == f->children.end()) {
                    f = f->fail;
                }

                child->fail = (f == &root && f->children.find(c) == f->children.end())
                                   ? &root : f->children[c];

                if (child->fail->output != -1) {
                    child->output = child->fail->output;
                }

                q.push(child);
            }
        }
    }

  public:

    bool empty() const {
        return antiprompts.empty() && stop_tokens.empty();
    }
    void clear() {
        root.clear();
        antiprompts.clear();
        stop_tokens.clear();
    }

    void build(const llama_context * ctx, const std::vector<std::string> & stop_words, const std::vector<std::string> & grammar_trigger_words) {
        build(
            [&](const std::string & text) {
                return common_tokenize(ctx, text, /* special= */ true);
            },
            stop_words,
            grammar_trigger_words
        );
    }

    void build(const std::function<std::vector<llama_token>(const std::string &)> & tokenizer, const std::vector<std::string> & stop_words, const std::vector<std::string> & grammar_trigger_words) {
        clear();
        this->stop_words = stop_words;
        this->grammar_trigger_words = grammar_trigger_words;

        for (const std::string & stop_word : stop_words) {
            antiprompts.push_back({stop_word, /* is_grammar_trigger= */ false});
        }
        for (const std::string & trigger : grammar_trigger_words) {
            antiprompts.push_back({trigger, /* is_grammar_trigger= */ true});
        }

        for (size_t i = 0, n = antiprompts.size(); i < n; i++) {
            const auto & antiprompt = antiprompts[i];
            std::vector<llama_token> tokens = tokenizer(antiprompt.value);
            if (tokens.size() == 1) {
                stop_tokens[tokens[0]] = i;
            }
        }

        build_trie();
        build_failure_and_dict_links();
    }

    struct MatchResult {
        size_t pos;
        std::string pattern;
        bool is_partial;
        size_t matchLength;
        bool is_grammar_trigger;

        bool operator==(const MatchResult & other) const {
            return pos == other.pos && pattern == other.pattern && is_partial == other.is_partial && matchLength == other.matchLength && is_grammar_trigger == other.is_grammar_trigger;
        }
        operator std::string() const {
            return "{pos=" + std::to_string(pos) + ", pattern=" + pattern + ", is_partial=" + std::to_string(is_partial) + ", matchLength=" + std::to_string(matchLength) + ", is_grammar_trigger=" + std::to_string(is_grammar_trigger) + "}";
        }
    };

    MatchResult findSingleTokenMatch(llama_token token) const {
        auto it = stop_tokens.find(token);
        if (it != stop_tokens.end()) {
            const auto & antiprompt = antiprompts[it->second];
            return {0, antiprompt.value, false, antiprompt.value.length(), antiprompt.is_grammar_trigger};
        }
        return {std::string::npos, "", false, 0, false};
    }

    MatchResult findFirstMatch(const std::string& text, size_t offset = 0) {
        TrieNode* current = &root;
        MatchResult partialMatch{std::string::npos, "", true, 0, false};
        auto text_length = text.length();

        for (size_t i = offset; i < text_length; ++i) {
            char c = text[i];
            while (current != &root && current->children.find(c) == current->children.end()) {
                current = current->fail;
            }
            auto it = current->children.find(c);
            if (it != current->children.end()) {
                current = it->second;
            }
            if (current->output != -1) {
                const auto & antiprompt = antiprompts[current->output];
                return {
                    i - antiprompt.value.length() + 1,
                    antiprompt.value,
                    false,
                    antiprompt.value.length(),
                    antiprompt.is_grammar_trigger,
                };
            }
            // Update partial match if we're at a deeper node
            if (current->depth > partialMatch.matchLength) {
                partialMatch.pos = i - current->depth + 1;
                partialMatch.pattern = "";  // We don't know which pattern it partially matches
                partialMatch.matchLength = current->depth;
                partialMatch.is_grammar_trigger = false;
            }
        }

        // If we've found a partial match and haven't returned a full match, return the partial match
        if (partialMatch.pos != std::string::npos) {
            if (partialMatch.pos + partialMatch.matchLength == text_length) {
                return partialMatch;
            }
        }

        return {std::string::npos, "", false, 0, false};
    }
};

//
// Split utils
//

static const char * const LLM_KV_SPLIT_NO            = "split.no";
static const char * const LLM_KV_SPLIT_COUNT         = "split.count";
static const char * const LLM_KV_SPLIT_TENSORS_COUNT = "split.tensors.count";

//
// YAML utils
//

void yaml_dump_vector_float    (FILE * stream, const char * prop_name, const std::vector<float> & data);
void yaml_dump_vector_int      (FILE * stream, const char * prop_name, const std::vector<int> & data);
void yaml_dump_string_multiline(FILE * stream, const char * prop_name, const char * data);

void yaml_dump_non_result_info(
    FILE * stream, const common_params & params, const llama_context * lctx,
    const std::string & timestamp, const std::vector<int> & prompt_tokens, const char * model_desc);